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The role of metal components in the cardiovascular effects of PM2.5.

ABSTRACT: Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases risks for cardiovascular disorders (CVD). However, the mechanisms and components responsible for the effects are poorly understood. Based on our previous murine exposure studies, a translational pilot study was conducted in female residents of Jinchang and Zhangye, China, to test the hypothesis that specific chemical component of PM2.5 is responsible for PM2.5 associated CVD. Daily ambient and personal exposures to PM2.5 and 35 elements were measured in the two cities. A total of 60 healthy nonsmoking adult women residents were recruited for measurements of inflammation biomarkers. In addition, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) were also measured in 20 subjects. The ambient levels of PM2.5 were comparable between Jinchang and Zhangye (47.4 and 54.5 µg/m(3), respectively). However, the levels of nickel, copper, arsenic, and selenium in Jinchang were 82, 26, 12, and 6 fold higher than Zhangye, respectively. The levels of C-reactive protein (3.44 ± 3.46 vs. 1.55 ± 1.13), interleukin-6 (1.65 ± 1.17 vs. 1.09 ± 0.60), and vascular endothelial growth factor (117.6 ± 217.0 vs. 22.7 ± 21.3) were significantly higher in Jinchang. Furthermore, all phenotypes of CEPCs were significantly lower in subjects recruited from Jinchang than those from Zhangye. These results suggest that specific metals may be important components responsible for PM2.5-induced cardiovascular effects and that the reduced capacity of endothelial repair may play a critical role.

SUBMITTER: Niu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3873977 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Estimating Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Ambient PM2.5 Metals.

Project description:Few epidemiologic studies have investigated health effects of water-soluble fractions of PM2.5 metals, the more biologically accessible fractions of metals, in their attempt to identify health-relevant components of ambient PM2.5.In this study, we estimated acute cardiovascular effects of PM2.5 components in an urban population, including a suite of water-soluble metals that are not routinely measured at the ambient level.Ambient concentrations of criteria gases, PM2.5, and PM2.5 components were measured at a central monitor in Atlanta, Georgia, during 1998-2013, with some PM2.5 components only measured during 2008-2013. In a time-series framework using Poisson regression, we estimated associations between these pollutants and daily counts of emergency department (ED) visits for cardiovascular diseases in the five-county Atlanta area.Among the PM2.5 components we examined during 1998-2013, water-soluble iron had the strongest estimated effect on cardiovascular outcomes [R?R=1.012 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.019), per interquartile range increase (20.46ng/m3)]. The associations for PM2.5 and other PM2.5 components were consistent with the null when controlling for water-soluble iron. Among PM2.5 components that were only measured during 2008-2013, water-soluble vanadium was associated with cardiovascular ED visits [R?R=1.012 (95% CI: 1.000, 1.025), per interquartile range increase (0.19ng/m3)].Our study suggests cardiovascular effects of certain water-soluble metals, particularly water-soluble iron. The observed associations with water-soluble iron may also point to certain aspects of traffic pollution, when processed by acidifying sulfate, as a mixture harmful for cardiovascular health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2182.

| S-EPMC6066344 | biostudies-other

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| S-EPMC6415293 | biostudies-literature

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| S-EPMC6651261 | biostudies-literature

PM2.5 and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: An Overview.

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| S-EPMC4515716 | biostudies-literature

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| S-EPMC7124502 | biostudies-literature

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Differential Mortality Risks Associated With PM2.5 Components: A Multi-Country, Multi-City Study.

Project description:BackgroundThe association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality widely differs between as well as within countries. Differences in PM2.5 composition can play a role in modifying the effect estimates, but there is little evidence about which components have higher impacts on mortality.MethodsWe applied a 2-stage analysis on data collected from 210 locations in 16 countries. In the first stage, we estimated location-specific relative risks (RR) for mortality associated with daily total PM2.5 through time series regression analysis. We then pooled these estimates in a meta-regression model that included city-specific logratio-transformed proportions of seven PM2.5 components as well as meta-predictors derived from city-specific socio-economic and environmental indicators.ResultsWe found associations between RR and several PM2.5 components. Increasing the ammonium (NH4+) proportion from 1% to 22%, while keeping a relative average proportion of other components, increased the RR from 1.0063 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.0030, 1.0097) to 1.0102 (95% CI = 1.0070, 1.0135). Conversely, an increase in nitrate (NO3-) from 1% to 71% resulted in a reduced RR, from 1.0100 (95% CI = 1.0067, 1.0133) to 1.0037 (95% CI = 0.9998, 1.0077). Differences in composition explained a substantial part of the heterogeneity in PM2.5 risk.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to the identification of more hazardous emission sources. Further work is needed to understand the health impacts of PM2.5 components and sources given the overlapping sources and correlations among many components.

| S-EPMC7612311 | biostudies-literature

Effects of lactoferrin in PM2.5-induced nephrotoxicity

Project description:Several epidemiological pieces of evidence on air pollution health effects have notably accelerated in recent years. They have described the relationship between PM2.5 (ambient fine particulate matter of <2.5 μm in diameter) and kidney diseases. Previous research has shown that lactoferrin showed renoprotective effects against some kidney diseases. In the current study, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of PM2.5 and lactoferrin using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and identified the key signaling pathway in the human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells).

2023-01-30 | GSE208331 | GEO

Race or racial segregation? Modification of the PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality association.

Project description:BackgroundMany studies have identified an inequitable distribution of exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 microns) by race. We investigated the association of PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality considering both the decedents' race and neighborhood racial composition as potential modifiers.MethodsWe obtained geocoded cardiovascular mortality records of all black and white decedents from urban block-groups in Massachusetts between 2001 and 2011 (n = 130,863). We examined the association between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality, and assessed effect modification by three types of racial modifiers: decedents' race, census block-group percent black and white, and two novel measures of racial segregation. The Racial Residential Segregation (RRS) quantifies the concentration of non-Hispanic blacks and whites in each block-group. The Index of Racial Dissimilarity measures dissimilarity in non-Hispanic black and white racial distribution between the smaller census block-group and larger tract.ResultsWe found a 2.35%(95%CI: 0.92%;3.79%) increase in mortality for each 10μg/m3 increase in two-day average exposure to PM2.5. The effect was modified by the block-group racial composition, with higher risks in block-groups with the highest percentage of black residents (interaction p-value = 0.04), and in block-groups with the lowest RRS (i.e. higher black to white resident ratio, interaction p-value = 0.072). Racial dissimilarity did not modify the associations.ConclusionCurrent levels of PM2.5 are associated with increased cardiovascular deaths in Massachusetts, with different risks between areas with different racial composition and segregation. This suggests that pollution reductions in neighborhoods with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic blacks would be most beneficial in reducing cardiovascular mortality and disparities.

| S-EPMC7384646 | biostudies-literature

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality Associated With Acute Exposure to PM2.5 in Mexico City.

Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Acute exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 ?m (PM2.5) is associated with acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate these associations with specific causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in Mexico City. METHODS:We obtained daily mortality records for Mexico City from 2004 to 2013 for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular causes in people ?25 and ?65 years old. Exposure to PM2.5 was assessed with daily estimates from a new hybrid spatiotemporal model using satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth PM2.5 and compared to ground level PM2.5 measurements with missing data estimated with generalized additive models PM2.5. We fitted Poisson regression models with distributed lags for all mortality outcomes. RESULTS:An increase of 10 µg/m3 in aerosol optical depth PM2.5 was associated with increased cardiovascular (1.22%; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-2.28) and cerebrovascular mortality (3.43%; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-6.28) for lag days 0 to 1 (lag 0-1). Stronger effects were identified for hemorrhagic stroke and people ?65 years. Associations were slightly smaller using generalized additive models PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS:These results support the evidence that acute exposure to PM2.5 is associated with increased risk of specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality causes.

| S-EPMC6091682 | biostudies-literature

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