Dataset Information

Estimating Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Ambient PM2.5 Metals.

ABSTRACT: Few epidemiologic studies have investigated health effects of water-soluble fractions of PM2.5 metals, the more biologically accessible fractions of metals, in their attempt to identify health-relevant components of ambient PM2.5.In this study, we estimated acute cardiovascular effects of PM2.5 components in an urban population, including a suite of water-soluble metals that are not routinely measured at the ambient level.Ambient concentrations of criteria gases, PM2.5, and PM2.5 components were measured at a central monitor in Atlanta, Georgia, during 1998-2013, with some PM2.5 components only measured during 2008-2013. In a time-series framework using Poisson regression, we estimated associations between these pollutants and daily counts of emergency department (ED) visits for cardiovascular diseases in the five-county Atlanta area.Among the PM2.5 components we examined during 1998-2013, water-soluble iron had the strongest estimated effect on cardiovascular outcomes [R?R=1.012 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.019), per interquartile range increase (20.46ng/m3)]. The associations for PM2.5 and other PM2.5 components were consistent with the null when controlling for water-soluble iron. Among PM2.5 components that were only measured during 2008-2013, water-soluble vanadium was associated with cardiovascular ED visits [R?R=1.012 (95% CI: 1.000, 1.025), per interquartile range increase (0.19ng/m3)].Our study suggests cardiovascular effects of certain water-soluble metals, particularly water-soluble iron. The observed associations with water-soluble iron may also point to certain aspects of traffic pollution, when processed by acidifying sulfate, as a mixture harmful for cardiovascular health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2182.

SUBMITTER: Ye D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6066344 | biostudies-other | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Estimating Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> Metals.

Ye Dongni D Klein Mitchel M Mulholland James A JA Russell Armistead G AG Weber Rodney R Edgerton Eric S ES Chang Howard H HH Sarnat Jeremy A JA Tolbert Paige E PE Ebelt Sarnat Stefanie S

Environmental health perspectives 20180215 2

<h4>Background</h4>Few epidemiologic studies have investigated health effects of water-soluble fractions of PM<sub>2.5</sub> metals, the more biologically accessible fractions of metals, in their attempt to identify health-relevant components of ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub>.<h4>Objectives</h4>In this study, we estimated acute cardiovascular effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> components in an urban population, including a suite of water-soluble metals that are not routinely measured at the ambient level.<h4 ...[more]

PMID: 29467104

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Project description:BackgroundWe do not currently understand how spatiotemporal variations in the composition of fine particulate air pollution [fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)] affects population health risks. However, recent evidence suggests that joint concentrations of transition metals and sulfate may influence the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 and associated health impacts.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to evaluate how combinations of transition metals/OP and sulfur content in outdoor PM2.5 influence associations with acute cardiovascular events.MethodsWe conducted a national case-crossover study of outdoor PM2.5 and acute cardiovascular events in Canada between 2016 and 2017 (93,344 adult cases). Monthly mean transition metal and sulfur (S) concentrations in PM2.5 were determined prospectively along with estimates of OP using acellular assays for glutathione (OPGSH), ascorbate (OPAA), and dithiothreitol depletion (OPDTT). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for PM2.5 across strata of transition metals/OP and sulfur.ResultsAmong men, the magnitudes of observed associations were strongest when both transition metal and sulfur content were elevated. For example, an OR of 1.078 (95% CI: 1.049, 1.108) (per 10μg/m3) was observed for cardiovascular events in men when both copper and S were above the median, whereas a weaker association was observed when both elements were below median values (OR=1.019, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.031). A similar pattern was observed for OP metrics. PM2.5 was not associated with acute cardiovascular events in women.DiscussionThe combined transition metal and sulfur content of outdoor PM2.5 influences the strength of association with acute cardiovascular events in men. Regions with elevated concentrations of both sulfur and transition metals in PM2.5 should be examined as priority areas for regulatory interventions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9449.

Project description:Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is one of the most important environmental issues in Europe with major health impact. Various sizes of PM are suspended in the atmosphere and contributes to ambient air pollution. The current study aimed to explore the differential gene expression in blood, and the effect on the respective biological signaling pathways in Wistar rats, after exposure to PM2.5 and PM1 ambient air particles for an eight-week period. A control group was included with animals breathing non-filtered atmospheric air. In parallel, filtered PM2.5 and PM1 was collected in separate samplers. The results after whole genome microarray analysis showed 23 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and PM2.5 group. In addition, pairwise comparison between control and PM1 group displayed 5635 DEGs linked to 69 biological pathways involved in inflammatory response, cell cycle and carcinogenicity. The smaller the size of the inhaled particles, the more gene alterations are triggered compared to non-filtered air group. More specifically, in inflammation signaling procedures differentially regulated gene expression was shown for interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-7, IL-1, IL-5, IL-9, IL-6 and IL-2. We have identified that RASGFR1, TRIM65, TRIM33, PLEKHB1, CAR4, S100A8, S100A9, ALPL, NP4 and the PROK2 genes are potential targets for the development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) due to "real-life" exposure of Wistar rats. Particle measurements during the exposure period showed elevated concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn in both PM1 and PM2.5 filter fractions, and of Cu in PM2.5. In addition, water-soluble concentration of metals showed significant differences between PM1 and PM2.5 fractions for V, Zn, As, Pb and Mn. In summary, in this study specific gene biomarkers of exposure to ambient air have been identified and heavy metals that are possibly linked to their altered regulation have been found. The results of this research will pave the way for the development of novel AOPs concerning the health effects of the environmental pollution.

Dataset Information

Estimating Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Ambient PM2.5 Metals.

Publications

Estimating Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> Metals.

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