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Metabolomics reveals a role for the chromatin-binding protein HMGN5 in glutathione metabolism.

ABSTRACT: High mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 5 (HMGN5) is a chromatin architectural protein that binds specifically to nucleosomes and reduces the compaction of the chromatin fiber. The protein is present in most vertebrate tissues however the physiological function of this protein is unknown. To examine the function of HMGN5 in vivo, mice lacking the nucleosome-binding domain of HMGN5 were generated and characterized. Serological analysis revealed that compared to wild-type littermates (Hmgn5(+/Y)), mice with a targeted mutation in the HMGN5 gene (Hmgn5(tm1/Y)), had elevated serum albumin, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and alanine transaminase, suggesting mild hepatic abnormalities. Metabolomics analysis of liver extracts and urine revealed clear differences in metabolites between Hmgn5(tm1/Y) and their Hmgn5(+/Y) littermates. Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mice had a significant increase in hepatic glutathione levels and decreased urinary concentrations of betaine, phenylacetylglycine, and creatine, all of which are metabolically related to the glutathione precursor glycine. Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that expression of two genes affecting glutathione metabolism, glutathione peroxidase 6 (Gpx6) and hexokinase 1 (Hk1), was significantly decreased in Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mouse liver tissue. Analysis of chromatin structure by DNase I digestion revealed alterations in the chromatin structure of these genes in the livers of Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mice. Thus, functional loss of HMGN5 leads to changes in transcription of Gpx6 and Hk1 that alter glutathione metabolism.

SUBMITTER: Ciappio ED

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3879345 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolomics reveals a role for the chromatin-binding protein HMGN5 in glutathione metabolism.

Ciappio Eric D ED Krausz Kristopher W KW Rochman Mark M Furusawa Takashi T Bonzo Jessica A JA Tessarollo Lino L Gonzalez Frank J FJ Bustin Michael M

PloS one 20140102 1

High mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 5 (HMGN5) is a chromatin architectural protein that binds specifically to nucleosomes and reduces the compaction of the chromatin fiber. The protein is present in most vertebrate tissues however the physiological function of this protein is unknown. To examine the function of HMGN5 in vivo, mice lacking the nucleosome-binding domain of HMGN5 were generated and characterized. Serological analysis revealed that compared to wild-type littermates (Hmgn5 ...[more]

PMID: 24392144

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Project description:In most metazoan nuclei, heterochromatin is located at the nuclear periphery in contact with the nuclear lamina, which provides mechanical stability to the nucleus. We show that in cultured cells, chromatin de-compaction by the nucleosome binding protein HMGN5 decreases the sturdiness, elasticity, and rigidity of the nucleus. Mice overexpressing HMGN5, either globally or only in the heart, are normal at birth but develop hypertrophic heart with large cardiomyoctyes, deformed nuclei and disrupted lamina, and die of cardiac malfunction. Chromatin de-compaction is seen in cardiomyocytes of newborn mice but misshaped nuclei with disrupted lamina are seen only in adult cardiomyocytes, suggesting that loss of heterochromatin diminishes the ability of the nucleus to withstand the mechanical forces of the contracting heart. Thus, heterochromatin enhances the ability of the nuclear lamina to maintain the sturdiness and shape of the eukaryotic nucleus; a structural role for chromatin that is distinct from its genetic functions. The full length mouse Hmgn5 cDNA, containing the entire 5’ UTR and FLAG tag on the 3’ end was amplified by PCR and inserted between BglII and XhoI sites of the pCALL vector (Novak et al., 2000). This vector contains a floxed LacZ cDNA driven by the CAG (a hybrid CMV enhancer and chicken beta–actin) promoter which is highly active in early mouse embryos. The vector was linearized by NotI digestion and injected into fertilized oocytes of C57BL/6 mice. Total embryonic excision of LacZ sequence was done by breeding floxed HMGN5-TG mice with SoxCre mice (Hayashi et al., 2002). Heart-specific excision was performed by breeding floxed HMGN5-TG mice with alphaMHC-cre mice (Oka et al., 2006).Total RNA from the left ventricle of newborn and adult Hmgn5-hTG mice which overexpress HMGN5 only in the heart as well as control mice was collected from biological triplicates (duplicates, in the case of newborn wild-type mice) and analyzed by Affymetrix expression arrays.

Dataset Information

Metabolomics reveals a role for the chromatin-binding protein HMGN5 in glutathione metabolism.

Publications

Metabolomics reveals a role for the chromatin-binding protein HMGN5 in glutathione metabolism.

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