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Association between inbreeding coefficient and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, a case-control study.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Consanguinity has been associated with adverse health outcomes. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between parental consanguinity and risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). METHODS:Data were collected from 333 HIV-1 infected individuals referred to a local health center in Shiraz (southern Iran). A total of 999 healthy individuals frequency matched with the cases according to their sex and age were also studied, as a control group. RESULTS:Prevalence of parental consanguineous marriage was 23.7% and 32.8% among patients and controls, respectively (Chi(2)=9.880, df=1, p=0.007). The mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.0110 and 0.0156 among patients and controls, respectively. The risk of infection with HIV-1 decreased as a function of inbreeding coefficient (Chi(2)=7.531, p=0.006). CONCLUSION:The present finding indicates a negative association between the susceptibility of HIV-1 infection and the inbreeding coefficient.

SUBMITTER: Rajaei M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3882852 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between inbreeding coefficient and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, a case-control study.

Rajaei Mehrdad M Saadat Mostafa M

Germs 20131201 4

<h4>Introduction</h4>Consanguinity has been associated with adverse health outcomes. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between parental consanguinity and risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1).<h4>Methods</h4>Data were collected from 333 HIV-1 infected individuals referred to a local health center in Shiraz (southern Iran). A total of 999 healthy individuals frequency matched with the cases according to their sex and age were also studie ...[more]

PMID: 24432296

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Project description:BackgroundSchistosomiasis affects 218 million people worldwide, with most infections in Africa. Prevalence studies suggest that people with chronic schistosomiasis may have higher risk of HIV-1 acquisition and impaired ability to control HIV-1 replication once infected. We hypothesized that: (1) pre-existing schistosome infection may increase the odds of HIV-1 acquisition and that the effects may differ between men and women, and (2) individuals with active schistosome infection at the time of HIV-1 acquisition may have impaired immune control of HIV-1, resulting in higher HIV-1 viral loads at HIV-1 seroconversion.Methodology/principal findingsWe conducted a nested case-control study within a large population-based survey of HIV-1 transmission in Tanzania. A population of adults from seven villages was tested for HIV in 2007, 2010, and 2013 and dried blood spots were archived for future studies with participants' consent. Approximately 40% of this population has Schistosoma mansoni infection, and 2% has S. haematobium. We tested for schistosome antigens in the pre- and post-HIV-1-seroconversion blood spots of people who acquired HIV-1. We also tested blood spots of matched controls who did not acquire HIV-1 and calculated the odds that a person with schistosomiasis would become HIV-1-infected compared to these matched controls. Analysis was stratified by gender. We compared 73 HIV-1 seroconverters with 265 controls. Women with schistosome infections had a higher odds of HIV-1 acquisition than those without (adjusted OR = 2.8 [1.2-6.6], p = 0.019). Schistosome-infected men did not have an increased odds of HIV-1 acquisition (adjusted OR = 0.7 [0.3-1.8], p = 0.42). We additionally compared HIV-1 RNA levels in the post-seroconversion blood spots in HIV-1 seroconverters with schistosomiasis versus those without who became HIV-infected in 2010, before antiretroviral therapy was widely available in the region. The median whole blood HIV-1 RNA level in the 15 HIV-1 seroconverters with schistosome infection was significantly higher than in the 22 without schistosomiasis: 4.4 [3.9-4.6] log10 copies/mL versus 3.7 [3.2-4.3], p = 0.017.Conclusions/significanceWe confirm, in an area with endemic S. mansoni, that pre-existing schistosome infection increases odds of HIV-1 acquisition in women and raises HIV-1 viral load at the time of HIV-1 seroconversion. This is the first study to demonstrate the effect of schistosome infection on HIV-1 susceptibility and viral control, and to differentiate effects by gender. Validation studies will be needed at additional sites.

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Association between inbreeding coefficient and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, a case-control study.

Publications

Association between inbreeding coefficient and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, a case-control study.

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