Dataset Information

The temporal trend of influenza-associated morbidity and the impact of early appearance of antigenic drifted strains in a Southeast Asian country.

ABSTRACT: Globally, influenza infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, who are suggested to be the major target group for trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) vaccination by World Health Organization. In spite of an increasing trend in vaccine coverage rates in many countries, the effect of vaccination among the elderly in reducing hospitalization and mortality remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a historical cohort study to evaluate the temporal pattern of influenza-associated morbidity among persons older than 64 years over a decade. The temporal patterns of influenza-associated morbidity rates among the elderly older than 64 years indicated that Taiwan's elderly P&I outpatient visits have been decreasing since the beginning of the 1999-2000 influenza season; however, hospitalization has been increasing despite significant increases in vaccine coverage. The propensity score logistic regression model was implemented to evaluate the source of bias and it was found that the TIV-receiving group had a higher propensity score than the non-receiving group (P<0.0001). In order to investigate the major factors affecting the temporal pattern of influenza-associated morbidity, we then used the propensity score as a summary confounder in a multivariate Poisson regression model based on the trimmed data. Our final models suggested that the factors affected the temporal pattern of morbidity differently. The variables including co-morbidity, vaccination rate, influenza virus type A and B isolation rate were associated with increased outpatient visits and hospitalization (p<0.05). In contrast, variables including high propensity score, increased 1°C in temperature, matching vaccine strains of type A/H1N1 and type B were associated with decreased outpatient visits and hospitalization (p<0.05). Finally, we assessed the impact of early appearance of antigenic-drifted strains and concluded that an excess influenza-associated morbidity substantial trends toward higher P&I hospitalization, but not outpatient visits, during the influenza season with early appearance of antigenic-drifted strains.

SUBMITTER: Lian IeB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3885564 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The temporal trend of influenza-associated morbidity and the impact of early appearance of antigenic drifted strains in a Southeast Asian country.

Lian Ie-Bin IeB Wu Hong-Dar Isaac HD Chang Wan-Tzu WT Chao Day-Yu DY

PloS one 20140108 1

Globally, influenza infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, who are suggested to be the major target group for trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) vaccination by World Health Organization. In spite of an increasing trend in vaccine coverage rates in many countries, the effect of vaccination among the elderly in reducing hospitalization and mortality remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a historical cohort study to evaluate the temporal pattern of influen ...[more]

PMID: 24416205

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Project description:This study applies the theory of planned behaviors to evaluate economic outcomes resulting from planned innovation and dynamic entrepreneurship of Vietnamese firms. The analysis uses data on Vietnamese small and medium manufacturing firms from surveys conducted by United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) during 2005-2015. Employing various estimation techniques including normal standard one-side regressions (fixed effect models, panel robust model, and Pds-lasso) and two-side structural two-stage models (extended regression model, treatment effect model, and IV-Lasso), we analyze the impacts of innovation activities on firm profitability in connection to the role of dynamic entrepreneurship and planned innovation. We measure planned innovation by the interaction between intention to innovate and firm innovation activities. The study shows that planned innovation is associated with higher profitability for firms. This holds true for all three innovation activities including introduction of a new product, introduction of a new production process and improvements to existing products/processes. In light of the theory of planned behaviors, entrepreneurial intentions embedded in planned innovation can underlie a comprehensive plan and action that drives the innovation process. The findings suggest that for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to thrive, willingness to pursue innovation by the firm owners is key to success as the intention to innovate will enable firms to gain a planning advantage. This advantage leads to a better resource allocation within the firms, shaping more effective strategies to implement a planned innovation. Overall, the study provides an important implication for the introduction of support schemes that promote innovation for SMEs in Vietnam. Any support schemes, introduced either by the public or private sector to target SMEs, should be engaged with the group of dynamic entrepreneurs who have intentions to innovate to warrant a higher chance of success.

Project description:ObjectiveTo describe the end-of-life care preferences of individuals, and to examine the influence of age and gender on these preferences.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective cohort study was conducted. Participants included all adults (≥21 years old) (n=3380) who had completed a statement of their preferences as part of a national Advance Care Planning (ACP) programme in Singapore. Data were extracted from the national and Tan Tock Seng Hospital ACP database.Main measuresEnd-of-life care preferences were obtained from the ACP document and differentiated by health status (healthy, chronically ill or diagnosed with advanced illnesses). To analyse the data, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used.ResultsAcross healthy and chronically ill patients, the majority did not opt for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or other life-sustaining measures. Among individuals with advanced illnesses, 94% preferred not to attempt CPR but 69% still preferred to receive some form of active medical treatment. Approximately 40% chose to be cared for, and to die at home. Age and sex significantly predict preferences in those with advanced illnesses. Older age (>=75 years) showed higher odds for home as preferred place of care (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.89) and place of death (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.61) and lower odds for CPR (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.54) and full treatment (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.62). Being female was associated with lower odds for home as preferred place of care (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.84) and place of death (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.85) and higher odds for full treatment (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.18 to 4.68).ConclusionThe majority preferred to not proceed with life-sustaining treatments, but there was still a strong preference to receive some form of limited treatment. Better understanding of end-of-life care preferences through ACP can better guide end-of-life care programme planning, and resource allocation decisions.

Dataset Information

The temporal trend of influenza-associated morbidity and the impact of early appearance of antigenic drifted strains in a Southeast Asian country.

Publications

The temporal trend of influenza-associated morbidity and the impact of early appearance of antigenic drifted strains in a Southeast Asian country.

Similar Datasets

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