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Mammary inflammation around parturition appeared to be attenuated by consumption of fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Mastitis endangers the health of domestic animals and humans, and may cause problems concerning food safety. It is documented that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play significant roles in attenuating saturated fatty acids (SFA)-induced inflammation. This study was therefore conducted to determine whether mammary inflammation could be affected by consumption of diets rich in n-3 PUFA. METHODS: Forty-eight rats after mating began to receive diets supplemented with 5% fish oil (FO) or 7% soybean oil (SO). Blood and mammary tissue samples (n?=?6) at day 0 and 14 of gestation and day 3 postpartum were collected 9 hours after intramammary infusion of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to determine free fatty acids (FFA) concentration and FA composition in plasma and inflammation mediators in mammary tissues. RESULTS: At day 14 of gestation and day 3 postpartum, the FO-fed rats had lower plasma concentrations of C18:2n6, C20:4n6, total n-6 PUFA and SFA, and higher plasma concentrations of C20:5n3 and total n-3 PUFA than the SO-fed rats. Plasma C22:6n3 concentration was also higher in the FO-fed than in the SO-fed rats at day 3 postpartum. Compared with the SO-fed rats, the FO-fed rats had lower mammary mRNA abundance of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and protein level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, but had higher mammary mRNA abundances of interleukin (IL)-10 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-? at day 14 of gestation. Following LPS infusion at day 3 postpartum, the SO-fed rats had increased plasma concentrations of FFA, C18:1n9, C18:3n3, C18:2n6 and total n-6 PUFA, higher mammary mRNA abundances of IL-1?, TNF-? and XOR but lower mammary mRNA abundance of IL-10 than the FO-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS: Mammary inflammation around parturition appeared to be attenuated by consumption of a diet rich in n-3 PUFA, which was associated with up-regulated expression of IL-10 and PPAR-?.

SUBMITTER: Lin S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3896666 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mammary inflammation around parturition appeared to be attenuated by consumption of fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Lin Sen S Hou Jia J Xiang Fang F Zhang Xiaoling X Che Lianqiang L Lin Yan Y Xu Shengyu S Tian Gang G Zeng Qiufeng Q Yu Bing B Zhang Keying K Chen Daiwen D Wu De D Fang Zhengfeng Z

Lipids in health and disease 20131231

<h4>Background</h4>Mastitis endangers the health of domestic animals and humans, and may cause problems concerning food safety. It is documented that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play significant roles in attenuating saturated fatty acids (SFA)-induced inflammation. This study was therefore conducted to determine whether mammary inflammation could be affected by consumption of diets rich in n-3 PUFA.<h4>Methods</h4>Forty-eight rats after mating began to receive diets supplemented with ...[more]

PMID: 24378112

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The functions, actions, and regulation of tissue metabolism affected by the consumption of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from fish oil and other sources remain poorly understood; particularly how LC-PUFAs affect transcription of genes involved in regulating metabolism. In the present work, mice were fed diets containing fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, fungal oil rich in arachidonic acid, or the combination of both. Liver and hippocampus tissue were then analyzed through a combined gene expression- and lipid- profiling strategy in order to annotate the molecular functions and targets of dietary LC-PUFA. RESULTS:Using microarray technology, 329 and 356 dietary regulated transcripts were identified in the liver and hippocampus, respectively. All genes selected as differentially expressed were grouped by expression patterns through a combined k-means/hierarchical clustering approach, and annotated using gene ontology classifications. In the liver, groups of genes were linked to the transcription factors PPARalpha, HNFalpha, and SREBP-1; transcription factors known to control lipid metabolism. The pattern of differentially regulated genes, further supported with quantitative lipid profiling, suggested that the experimental diets increased hepatic beta-oxidation and gluconeogenesis while decreasing fatty acid synthesis. Lastly, novel hippocampal gene changes were identified. CONCLUSIONS:Examining the broad transcriptional effects of LC-PUFAs confirmed previously identified PUFA-mediated gene expression changes and identified novel gene targets. Gene expression profiling displayed a complex and diverse gene pattern underlying the biological response to dietary LC-PUFAs. The results of the studied dietary changes highlighted broad-spectrum effects on the major eukaryotic lipid metabolism transcription factors. Further focused studies, stemming from such transcriptomic data, will need to dissect the transcription factor signaling pathways to fully explain how fish oils and arachidonic acid achieve their specific effects on health.

Project description:ObjectiveOmega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), likely prevent cardiovascular disease, however their mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the role of DNA damage in atherogenesis has been receiving considerable attention. Here, we investigated the effects of EPA and DHA on DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells to clarify their antiatherogenic mechanisms.Methods and resultsWe determined the effect of EPA and DHA on H2O2-induced DNA damage response in human aortic endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that γ-H2AX foci formation, a prominent marker of DNA damage, was significantly reduced in the cells treated with EPA and DHA (by 47% and 48%, respectively). H2O2-induced activation of ATM, a major kinase orchestrating DNA damage response, was significantly reduced with EPA and DHA treatment (by 31% and 33%, respectively). These results indicated EPA and DHA attenuated DNA damage independently of the DNA damage response. Thus the effects of EPA and DHA on a source of DNA damage were examined. EPA and DHA significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species under both basal condition and H2O2 stimulation. In addition, the mRNA levels of antioxidant molecules, such as heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase 1, ferritin light chain, ferritin heavy chain and manganese superoxide dismutase, were significantly increased with EPA and DHA. Silencing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) remarkably abrogated the increases in mRNA levels of antioxidant molecules and the decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, EPA and DHA significantly reduced H2O2-induced senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in the cells (by 31% and 22%, respectively), which was revoked by NRF2 silencing.ConclusionsOur results suggested that EPA and DHA attenuate oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells through upregulation of NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. Therefore omega-3 fatty acids likely help prevent cardiovascular disease, at least in part, by their genome protective properties.

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Mammary inflammation around parturition appeared to be attenuated by consumption of fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Mammary inflammation around parturition appeared to be attenuated by consumption of fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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