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Dependency of codon usage on protein sequence patterns: a statistical study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Codon degeneracy and codon usage by organisms is an interesting and challenging problem. Researchers demonstrated the relation between codon usage and various functions or properties of genes and proteins, such as gene regulation, translation rate, translation efficiency, mRNA stability, splicing, and protein domains. Researchers usually represent segments of proteins responsible for specific functions or structures in a family of proteins as sequence patterns or motifs. We asked the question if organisms use the same codons in pattern segments as compared to the rest of the sequence. METHODS: We used the likelihood ratio test, Pearson's chi-squared test, and mutual information to compare these two codon usages. RESULTS: We showed that codon usage, in segments of genes that code for a given pattern or motif in a group of proteins, varied from the rest of the gene. The codon usage in these segments was not random. Amino acids with larger number of codons used more specific codon ratios in these segments. We studied the number of amino acids in the pattern (pattern length). As patterns got longer, there was a slight decrease in the fraction of patterns with significant different codon usage in the pattern region as compared to codon usage in the gene region. We defined a measure of specificity of protein patterns, and studied its relation to the codon usage. The difference in the codon usage between pattern region and gene region, was less for the patterns with higher specificity. CONCLUSIONS: We provided a hypothesis that there are segments on genes that affect the codon usage and thus influence protein translation speed, and these regions are the regions that code protein pattern regions.

SUBMITTER: Foroughmand-Araabi MH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3896713 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dependency of codon usage on protein sequence patterns: a statistical study.

Foroughmand-Araabi Mohammad-Hadi MH Goliaei Bahram B Alishahi Kasra K Sadeghi Mehdi M

Theoretical biology & medical modelling 20140110

<h4>Background</h4>Codon degeneracy and codon usage by organisms is an interesting and challenging problem. Researchers demonstrated the relation between codon usage and various functions or properties of genes and proteins, such as gene regulation, translation rate, translation efficiency, mRNA stability, splicing, and protein domains. Researchers usually represent segments of proteins responsible for specific functions or structures in a family of proteins as sequence patterns or motifs. We as ...[more]

PMID: 24410898

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Project description:Background and Aims:Studies on codon usage in monocots have focused on grasses, and observed patterns of this taxon were generalized to all monocot species. Here, non-grass monocot species were analysed to investigate the differences between grass and non-grass monocots. Methods:First, studies of codon usage in monocots were reviewed. The current information was then extended regarding codon usage, as well as codon-pair context bias, using four completely sequenced non-grass monocot genomes (Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, Phoenix dactylifera and Spirodela polyrhiza) for which comparable transcriptome datasets are available. Measurements were taken regarding relative synonymous codon usage, effective number of codons, derived optimal codon and GC content and then the relationships investigated to infer the underlying evolutionary forces. Key Results:The research identified optimal codons, rare codons and preferred codon-pair context in the non-grass monocot species studied. In contrast to the bimodal distribution of GC3 (GC content in third codon position) in grasses, non-grass monocots showed a unimodal distribution. Disproportionate use of G and C (and of A and T) in two- and four-codon amino acids detected in the analysis rules out the mutational bias hypothesis as an explanation of genomic variation in GC content. There was found to be a positive relationship between CAI (codon adaptation index; predicts the level of expression of a gene) and GC3. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between coding and genomic GC content and negative correlation of GC3 with gene length, indicating a strong impact of GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) in shaping codon usage and nucleotide composition in non-grass monocots. Conclusion:Optimal codons in these non-grass monocots show a preference for G/C in the third codon position. These results support the concept that codon usage and nucleotide composition in non-grass monocots are mainly driven by gBGC.

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Dependency of codon usage on protein sequence patterns: a statistical study.

Publications

Dependency of codon usage on protein sequence patterns: a statistical study.

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