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Genome sequence of Anopheles sinensis provides insight into genetics basis of mosquito competence for malaria parasites.

ABSTRACT: Anopheles sinensis is an important mosquito vector of Plasmodium vivax, which is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria throughout Asia, and particularly in China, Korea, and Japan.We performed 454 next-generation sequencing and obtained a draft sequence of A. sinensis assembled into scaffolds spanning 220.8 million base pairs. Analysis of this genome sequence, we observed expansion and contraction of several immune-related gene families in anopheline relative to culicine mosquito species. These differences suggest that species-specific immune responses to Plasmodium invasion underpin the biological differences in susceptibility to Plasmodium infection that characterize these two mosquito subfamilies.The A. sinensis genome produced in this study, provides an important resource for analyzing the genetic basis of susceptibility and resistance of mosquitoes to Plasmodium parasites research which will ultimately facilitate the design of urgently needed interventions against this debilitating mosquito-borne disease.

SUBMITTER: Zhou D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3901762 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome sequence of Anopheles sinensis provides insight into genetics basis of mosquito competence for malaria parasites.

Zhou Dan D Zhang Donghui D Ding Guohui G Shi Linna L Hou Qing Q Ye Yuting Y Xu Yang Y Zhou Huayun H Xiong Chunrong C Li Shengdi S Yu Jing J Hong Shanchao S Yu Xinyou X Zou Ping P Chen Chen C Chang Xuelian X Wang Weijie W Lv Yuan Y Sun Yan Y Ma Lei L Shen Bo B Zhu Changliang C

BMC genomics 20140118

<h4>Background</h4>Anopheles sinensis is an important mosquito vector of Plasmodium vivax, which is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria throughout Asia, and particularly in China, Korea, and Japan.<h4>Results</h4>We performed 454 next-generation sequencing and obtained a draft sequence of A. sinensis assembled into scaffolds spanning 220.8 million base pairs. Analysis of this genome sequence, we observed expansion and contraction of several immune-related gene fam ...[more]

PMID: 24438588

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Project description:Mating causes dramatic changes in female physiology, behaviour, and immunity in many insects, inducing oogenesis, oviposition, and refractoriness to further mating. Females from the Anopheles gambiae species complex typically mate only once in their lifetime during which they receive sperm and seminal fluid proteins as well as a mating plug that contains the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. This hormone, which is also induced by blood-feeding, plays a major role in activating vitellogenesis for egg production. Here we show that female Anopheles coluzzii susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection is significantly higher in mated females compared to virgins. We also find that mating status has a major impact on the midgut transcriptome, detectable only under sugar-fed conditions: once females have blood-fed, the transcriptional changes that are induced by mating are likely masked by the widespread effects of blood-feeding on gene expression. To determine whether increased susceptibility to parasites could be driven by the additional 20E that mated females receive from males, we mimicked mating by injecting virgin females with 20E, finding that these females are significantly more susceptible to human malaria parasites than virgin females injected with the control 20E carrier. Further RNAseq was carried out to examine whether the genes that change upon 20E injection in the midgut are similar to those that change upon mating. We find that 79 midgut-expressed genes are regulated in common by both mating and 20E, and 96% (n = 76) of these are regulated in the same direction (up vs down in 20E/mated). Together, these findings show that male Anopheles mosquitoes induce changes in the female midgut that can affect female susceptibility to P. falciparum. This implies that in nature, males might contribute to malaria transmission in previously unappreciated ways, and that vector control strategies that target males may have additional benefits towards reducing transmission.

Dataset Information

Genome sequence of Anopheles sinensis provides insight into genetics basis of mosquito competence for malaria parasites.

Publications

Genome sequence of Anopheles sinensis provides insight into genetics basis of mosquito competence for malaria parasites.

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