The effects of mating status and time since mating on female sex pheromone levels in the rice leaf bug, Trigonotylus caelestialium.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yamane T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3933747 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Juvenile hormone (JH) coordinates timing of female reproductive maturation in most insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, JH plays roles in both mating and egg maturation. However, very little is known about the molecular pathways associated with mating. Our behavioral analysis of females genetically lacking the corpora allata, the glands that produce JH, showed that they were courted less by males and mated later than control females. Application of the JH mimic, methoprene, to the allatectomized females just after eclosion rescued both the male courtship and the mating delay. Our studies of the null mutants of the JH receptors, Methoprene tolerant (Met) and germ cell-expressed (gce), showed that lack of Met in Met(27) females delayed the onset of mating, whereas lack of Gce had little effect. The Met(27) females were shown to be more attractive but less behaviorally receptive to copulation attempts. The behavioral but not the attractiveness phenotype was rescued by the Met genomic transgene. Analysis of the female cuticular hydrocarbon profiles showed that corpora allata ablation caused a delay in production of the major female-specific sex pheromones (the 7,11-C27 and -C29 dienes) and a change in the cuticular hydrocarbon blend. In the Met(27) null mutant, by 48 h, the major C27 diene was greatly increased relative to wild type. In contrast, the gce(2.5k) null mutant females were courted similarly to control females despite changes in certain cuticular hydrocarbons. Our findings indicate that JH acts primarily via Met to modulate the timing of onset of female sex pheromone production and mating.
| S-EPMC3831481 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), and the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, are two of the most destructive lepidopteran pests in rice. Since these two pyralid insects overlap in their occurrence in rice paddy fields, farmers prefer to set their pheromone-baited traps together in the rice fields for their monitoring. However, our field observation demonstrated that no male adult of C. suppressalis was captured in traps baited with commercial sex pheromone of C. suppressalis (CCS) combined with commercial sex pheromone of C. medinalis (CCM). To confirm that the C. medinalis sex pheromone component(s) interfere with the attraction of males of the rice stem borers to their conspecific females, single components of C. medinalis sex pheromone combined with CCS in traps were tested in the laboratory and rice paddy field. The results revealed that the two alcohol components in CCM, i.e., (Z)-11-octadecen-1-ol (Z11-18: OH) and (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol (Z13-18: OH) may cause a significant reduction in capturing C. suppressalis males caused by CCS. We recommend against using these sex pheromones together in the field and suggest that Z11-18: OH and Z13-18: OH could be potential inhibitors or antagonists of C. suppressalis sex pheromone to control the rice stem borer.
| S-EPMC7304561 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Insects are behaviorally and physiologically affected by different light conditions, including photoperiod, light intensity, and spectrum. Light at night has important influences on nocturnal insects, including most moth species. Moth copulation and mating usually occur at night. Although a few studies examine changes in insect mating under artificial light at night, detailed influences of light, such as that of monochromatic light, on moth mating remain largely unknown. In this study, on the basis of long-term insects rearing experience, dim red light (spectrum range: 610-710nm, with a peak at 660nm; 2.0 Lux) during scotophase was hypothesized to enhance mating in the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis. To test the hypothesis, the mating of moths under dim red, blue, and white lights during scotophase was observed. Under the dim red light, the enhancement of mating in C. punctiferalis was observed. In addition, the electroantennografic response of males against the female sex pheromone increased with red light treatment during scotophase. In an analysis of the differentially expressed genes in the antennae of males under red light and dark conditions, the expression levels of two odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes, CpunOBP2 and CpunPBP5, were up-regulated. Two genes were then expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins showed strong binding to female pheromone components in fluorescence-binding assays. Thus, the results of this study indicated that dim red light at night enhanced the mating of C. punctiferalis. One of the mechanisms for the enhancement was probably an increase in the antennal sensitivity of males to the female sex pheromone under red light that was caused by increases in the expression levels of pheromone-binding protein genes in male antennae.
| S-EPMC7943464 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Insect parasitoids are under selection pressure to optimize their host location strategy in order to maximize fitness. In parasitoid species that develop on host eggs, one of these strategies consists in the exploitation of oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs), specific blends of volatile organic compounds released by plants in response to egg deposition by herbivorous insects. Plants can recognize insect oviposition via elicitors that trigger OIPVs, but very few elicitors have been characterized so far. In particular, the source and the nature of the elicitor responsible of egg parasitoid recruitment in the case of plants induced with oviposition by stink bugs are still unknown. In this paper, we conducted behavioral and molecular investigations to localize the source of the elicitor that attracts egg parasitoids and elucidate the role of host mating in elicitation of plant responses. We used as organism study model a tritrophic system consisting of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis, the stink bug host Nezara viridula and the plant Vicia faba. We found that egg parasitoid attraction to plant volatiles is triggered by extracts coming from the dilated portion of the stink bug spermathecal complex. However, attraction only occurs if extracts are obtained from mated females but not from virgin ones. Egg parasitoid attraction was not observed when extracts coming from the accessory glands (mesadene and ectadene) of male hosts were applied, either alone or in combination to plants. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis correlated with olfactometer observations as the protein profile of the dilated portion of the spermathecal complex was affected by the stink bug mating status suggesting post-copulatory physiological changes in this reproductive structure. This study contributed to better understanding the host location process by egg parasitoids and laid the basis for the chemical characterization of the elicitor responsible for OIPV emission.
| S-EPMC6473057 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The sex pheromone composition of alfalfa plant bugs, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), from Central Europe was investigated to test the hypothesis that insect species across a wide geographical area can vary in pheromone composition. Potential interactions between the pheromone and a known attractant, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, were also assessed. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) using male antennae and volatile extracts collected from females, previously shown to attract males in field experiments, revealed the presence of three physiologically active compounds. These were identified by coupled GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and peak enhancement as hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal. A ternary blend of these compounds in a 5.4:9.0:1.0 ratio attracted male A. lineolatus in field trials in Hungary. Omission of either (E)-2-hexenyl-butyrate or (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal from the ternary blend or substitution of (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal by (E)-2-hexenal resulted in loss of activity. These results indicate that this Central European population is similar in pheromone composition to that previously reported for an East Asian population. Interestingly, another EAG-active compound, 1-hexanol, was also present in female extract. When 1-hexanol was tested in combination with the ternary pheromone blend, male catches were reduced. This compound showed a dose-response effect with small doses showing a strong behavioral effect, suggesting that 1-hexanol may act as a sex pheromone antagonist in A. lineolatus. Furthermore, when (E)-cinnamaldehyde was field tested in combination with the sex pheromone, there was no increase in male catch, but the combination attracted both males and females. Prospects for practical application are discussed.
| S-EPMC8217015 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although the nymphs of Corythucha marmorata form clusters on the undersides of host plant leaves, as frequently observed for Hemiptera, the adults are scattered in the vicinity of the nymph population. By investigating the biological activities of volatile secretions from the adult, we found that the secretions activated male mounting behaviour. A chemical analysis revealed that borneol was a common component of the secretions from both sexes. The absolute configuration of the natural product was the (+)-enantiomer of borneol and the optical isomer was undetectable. Although (+)-borneol showed significant sex pheromone activity against males, the antipode (-)-borneol also induced sex pheromone activity, albeit only slightly. Males may not have a strict identification mechanism based on stereochemistry. To verify the origin of this sex pheromone, we analysed the components of the essential oil of the leaves of Solidago canadensis L. (Compositae: Asteraceae), a host plant; bornyl acetate was detected to be a major component. The plant-produced bornyl acetate had different stereochemistry from the sex pheromone. The results suggested that the adults do not utilise the secondary metabolites of plants but biosynthesise this sex pheromone themselves. This is the first report on sex pheromone identification in Tingidae.
| S-EPMC5544738 | biostudies-other
Project description:Sex Peptide, a seminal fluid protein of Drosophila melanogaster males, elicits an array of post-mating responses in females, including decreased receptivity to re-mating, and increased egg laying, activity and food intake, with a preference for protein-rich food. To determine how one protein can have such widespread effects, we set out to dissect the genetic architecture of the female’s response to Sex Peptide, to determine whether Sex Peptide alters the expression of several regulators targeted to specific post-mating responses or acts on a pleiotropic regulator that controls multiple responses. We performed bulk RNA-seq of female heads at 10 time points within the first 24 hours after mating, sampling virgin females, females mated to control males and females mated to Sex Peptide-null males. Using this high-resolution time series, we identified mating- and Sex Peptide-dependent differentially expressed genes and discovered the presence of differentially used exons. We constructed gene regulatory networks using clustering and motif enrichment analyses, and identified cell types in which these changes might take place using deconvolution of our bulk RNA-seq dataset. One key network included metabolic genes which might change in expression in the female’s fat body. A second network included genes with neuronal functions, whose changes might be located in neurons or sensory organs in the female’s head. Within these networks we identified known molecular regulators of the circadian clock. Further, we found that many differentially expressed genes, and some differentially used exons, followed a circadian rhythm in virgin females, and that this rhythm was altered after mating with a Sex Peptide- male.
2023-01-27 | GSE198879 | GEO
Project description:Oocyte composition can directly influence offspring fitness, particularly in oviparous species such as most insects, where it is the primary form of parental investment. Oocyte production is also energetically costly, dependent on female condition and responsive to external cues. We investigated whether mating influences mature oocyte composition in Drosophila melanogaster using a quantitative proteomic approach. Our analyses robustly identified 4,485 oocyte proteins and revealed that stage-14 oocytes from mated females differed significantly in protein composition relative to oocytes from unmated females. Proteins forming a highly interconnected network enriched for translational machinery and transmembrane proteins were increased in oocytes from mated females, including calcium binding and transport proteins. This mating-induced modulation of oocyte maturation was also significantly associated with proteome changes that are known to be triggered by egg activation. We propose that these compositional changes are likely to have fitness consequences and adaptive implications given the importance of oocyte composition, rather than active gene expression, to the maternal-to-zygotic transition and early embryogenesis.
2021-02-24 | PXD022142 | Pride
Project description:The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans undergoes a parasexual mating cycle in which cells must switch from the conventional "white" form to the alternative "opaque" form to become mating competent. Pheromones secreted by opaque cells induce the formation of polarized mating projections and result in cell-cell conjugation. In contrast, white cells are unable to undergo mating, but can still respond to pheromone by expression of adhesion genes that promote biofilm formation. In this study, we have analyzed the dual ability of pheromones to activate mating by opaque cells and biofilm formation by white cells. We first show that there is considerable plasticity in interactions between the ? pheromone and its receptor, Ste2, by analysis of analogs of the ? pheromone. Significantly, substituted forms of ? pheromone can induce a response in opaque cells and this is sufficient to drive same-sex a-a cell fusion and homothallic mating. In addition, pheromone analogs were able to induce adhesion and biofilm formation in white cells of C. albicans. Because of the observed plasticity in pheromone signaling, we subsequently tested putative pheromones from multiple Candida species and identified nonnative ligands that can induce self-mating and biofilm responses in C. albicans. Our findings demonstrate that environmental signals can initiate C. albicans parasexual reproduction and biofilm formation, and highlight the role of the pheromone-signaling apparatus in mediating these functions.
| S-EPMC3038756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oocyte composition can directly influence offspring fitness, particularly in oviparous species such as most insects, where it is the primary form of parental investment. Oocyte production is also energetically costly, dependent on female condition and responsive to external cues. Here, we investigated whether mating influences mature oocyte composition in Drosophila melanogaster using a quantitative proteomic approach. Our analyses robustly identified 4,485 oocyte proteins and revealed that stage-14 oocytes from mated females differed significantly in protein composition relative to oocytes from unmated females. Proteins forming a highly interconnected network enriched for translational machinery and transmembrane proteins were increased in oocytes from mated females, including calcium binding and transport proteins. This mating-induced modulation of oocyte maturation was also significantly associated with proteome changes that are known to be triggered by egg activation. We propose that these compositional changes are likely to have fitness consequences and adaptive implications given the importance of oocyte protein composition, rather than active gene expression, to the maternal-to-zygotic transition and early embryogenesis.
| S-EPMC7862673 | biostudies-literature