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Brachial artery responses to ambient pollution, temperature, and humidity in people with type 2 diabetes: a repeated-measures study.

ABSTRACT: Extreme weather and air pollution are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes.In a population with diabetes, we conducted a novel assessment of vascular brachial artery responses both to ambient pollution and to weather (temperature and water vapor pressure, a measure of humidity).Sixty-four 49- to 85-year-old Boston residents with type 2 diabetes completed up to five study visits (279 repeated measures). Brachial artery diameter (BAD) was measured by ultrasound before and after brachial artery occlusion [i.e., flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] and before and after nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD). Ambient concentrations of fine particulate mass (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, particle number, and sulfate were measured at our monitoring site; ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were obtained from state monitors. Particle exposure in the home and during each trip to the clinic (home/trip exposure) was measured continuously and as a 5-day integrated sample. We used linear models with fixed effects for participants, adjusting for date, season, temperature, and water vapor pressure on the day of each visit, to estimate associations between our outcomes and interquartile range increases in exposure.Baseline BAD was negatively associated with particle pollution, including home/trip-integrated BC (-0.02 mm; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.003, for a 0.28 ?g/m3 increase in BC), OC (-0.08 mm; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.03, for a 1.61 ?g/m3 increase) as well as PM2.5, 5-day average ambient PM2.5, and BC. BAD was positively associated with ambient temperature and water vapor pressure. However, exposures were not consistently associated with FMD or NMD.Brachial artery diameter, a predictor of cardiovascular risk, decreased in association with particle pollution and increased in association with ambient temperature in our study population of adults with type 2 diabetes.Zanobetti A, Luttmann-Gibson H, Horton ES, Cohen A, Coull BA, Hoffmann B, Schwartz JD, Mittleman MA, Li Y, Stone PH, de Souza C, Lamparello B, Koutrakis P, Gold DR. 2014. Brachial artery responses to ambient pollution, temperature, and humidity in people with type 2 diabetes: a repeated-measures study. Environ Health Perspect 122:242-248;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206136.

SUBMITTER: Zanobetti A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3948021 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Brachial artery responses to ambient pollution, temperature, and humidity in people with type 2 diabetes: a repeated-measures study.

Zanobetti Antonella A Luttmann-Gibson Heike H Horton Edward S ES Cohen Allison A Coull Brent A BA Hoffmann Barbara B Schwartz Joel D JD Mittleman Murray A MA Li Yongsheng Y Stone Peter H PH de Souza Celine C Lamparello Brooke B Koutrakis Petros P Gold Diane R DR

Environmental health perspectives 20140107 3

<h4>Background</h4>Extreme weather and air pollution are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes.<h4>Objectives</h4>In a population with diabetes, we conducted a novel assessment of vascular brachial artery responses both to ambient pollution and to weather (temperature and water vapor pressure, a measure of humidity).<h4>Methods</h4>Sixty-four 49- to 85-year-old Boston residents with type 2 diabetes completed up to five study visits (279 repeated measures). Brachia ...[more]

PMID: 24398072

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Project description:BackgroundDiarrhea remains a common infectious disease caused by various risk factors in developing countries. This study investigated the incidence rate and temporal associations between diarrhea and meteorological determinants in five regions of Surabaya, Indonesia.MethodMonthly diarrhea records from local governmental health facilities in Surabaya and monthly means of weather variables, including average temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity from Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency were collected from January 2018 to September 2020. The generalized additive model was employed to quantify the time lag association between diarrhea risk and extremely low (5th percentile) and high (95th percentile) monthly weather variations in the north, central, west, south, and east regions of Surabaya (lag of 0-2 months).ResultThe average incidence rate for diarrhea was 11.4 per 100,000 during the study period, with a higher incidence during rainy season (November to March) and in East Surabaya. This study showed that the weather condition with the lowest diarrhea risks varied with the region. The diarrhea risks were associated with extremely low and high temperatures, with the highest RR of 5.39 (95% CI 4.61, 6.17) in the east region, with 1 month of lag time following the extreme temperatures. Extremely low relative humidity increased the diarrhea risks in some regions of Surabaya, with the highest risk in the west region at lag 0 (RR = 2.13 (95% CI 1.79, 2.47)). Extremely high precipitation significantly affects the risk of diarrhea in the central region, at 0 months of lag time, with an RR of 3.05 (95% CI 2.09, 4.01).ConclusionThis study identified a high incidence of diarrhea in the rainy season and in the deficient developed regions of Surabaya, providing evidence that weather magnifies the adverse effects of inadequate environmental sanitation. This study suggests the local environmental and health sectors codevelop a weather-based early warning system and improve local sanitation practices as prevention measures in response to increasing risks of infectious diseases.

Project description:Background Lower ankle-brachial index (ABI) values within the 0.90 to 1.40 range are associated with poorer mitochondrial oxidative capacity of thigh muscles in cross-sectional analyses. Whether ABI decline is associated with greater declines in thigh muscle oxidative capacity with aging is unknown. Method and Results We analyzed data from 228 participants (100 men) of the BLSA (Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging), aged 39 to 97 years, with an ABI between 0.9 and 1.40 at baseline and at follow-up (mean follow-up period of 2.8 years). We examined mitochondrial oxidative capacity of the left thigh muscle, by measuring the postexercise phosphocreatine recovery rate constant (kPCr) from phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Greater kPCr indicated higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Although kPCr was available on the left leg only, ABI was measured in both legs. Longitudinal rates of change (Change) of left and right ABI and kPCr of the left thigh muscle were estimated using linear mixed effects models, and their association was analyzed by standardized multiple linear regressions. In multivariate analysis including sex, age, baseline kPCr, both left and right baseline ABI, and ABI change in both legs, (kPCr)Change was directly associated with ipsilateral (left) (ABI)Change (standardized [STD]-β=0.14; P=0.0168) but not with contralateral (right) (ABI)Change (P=0.22). Adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, this association remained significant (STD-β=0.18; P=0.0051). (kPCr)Change was steeper in White race participants (STD-β=0.16; P=0.0122) and body mass index (STD-β=0.13; P=0.0479). There was no significant association with current smoking status (P=0.63), fasting glucose (P=0.28), heart rate (P=0.67), mean blood pressure (P=0.78), and low-density lipoprotein (P=0.75), high-density lipoprotein (P=0.82), or triglycerides (P=0.15). Conclusions In people without peripheral arterial disease, greater decline in ABI over time, but not baseline ABI, was associated with faster decline in thigh mitochondrial oxidative capacity in the ipsilateral leg. Further studies are needed to examine whether early interventions that improve lower extremity muscle perfusion can improve and prevent the decline of muscle energetics.

Dataset Information

Brachial artery responses to ambient pollution, temperature, and humidity in people with type 2 diabetes: a repeated-measures study.

Publications

Brachial artery responses to ambient pollution, temperature, and humidity in people with type 2 diabetes: a repeated-measures study.

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