Dataset Information

Clarifying the Role of Schools in Tendency or Lack of Tendency Toward Smoking among Teenage Boys (11-14) in Mashhad, Iran.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Recent studies show that the prevalence of tobacco use among teens and students is increasing, and the initiation age of tobacco use has decreased. OBJECTIVES:The current research aimed to signify the role of schools in the process in which student teenage boys became smokers in 2012 in Mashhad. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The current study was part of a qualitative research conducted by content analysis method and purposive sampling, performing 35 in-depth interviews, and 2 focused group discussions. The participants in this research included teenagers, teachers, students` parents , psychologists, and experts in the field of fighting against tobacco use, those who either had the experience of exposure to cigarettes at school, or were well-informed persons about tobacco use.After performing each interview, the interview was transcribed, and analyzed before the next interview. The data were under continuous consideration and comparative analysis in order to achieve data saturation. RESULTS:AFTER ANALYSIS AND CODIFICATION OF DATA, FOUR CONCEPT CATEGORIES WERE ACHIEVED TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN STUDENT SMOKING: 1) School purity or impurity to high-risk behaviors; 2) Directive or nondirective schools for controlling tobacco; 3) Preventive or predisposing schools for smoking behavior, and 4) Perceived positive outcomes from smoking at school. Each main category was divided into three subordinate themes. CONCLUSIONS:With regard to decrease of cigarette use initiation age and the great influence of schools on teenagers' behavior, it is recommended to perform special screening programs based on the achieved themes in this research to reduce tobacco use. It is also suggested that school staff pay more attention to students' communication networks and pressures that are imposed on a student for smoking cigarettes during the school time.

SUBMITTER: Mohaddes Hakkak HR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3964423 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clarifying the Role of Schools in Tendency or Lack of Tendency Toward Smoking among Teenage Boys (11-14) in Mashhad, Iran.

Mohaddes Hakkak Hamid Reza HR Taghdisi Mohammad Hossein MH Shojaezadeh Davoud D Nedjat Saharnaz S Peyman Nooshin N Taghipour Ali A

Iranian Red Crescent medical journal 20140105 1

<h4>Background</h4>Recent studies show that the prevalence of tobacco use among teens and students is increasing, and the initiation age of tobacco use has decreased.<h4>Objectives</h4>The current research aimed to signify the role of schools in the process in which student teenage boys became smokers in 2012 in Mashhad.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>The current study was part of a qualitative research conducted by content analysis method and purposive sampling, performing 35 in-depth interviews, ...[more]

PMID: 24719706

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Project description:BackgroundDermatophytosis is a common global superficial mycosis caused by a group of keratinophilic moulds known as dermatophytes that invade the skin and keratinized tissues such as hair and nails of humans and animals. This study takes identification of a collection of clinical dermatophyte isolates by using partial sequencing of translation elongation factor-1α (Tef-1α) gene aiming both to update the epidemiological status of dermatophytosis in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran and to corroborate the efficacy of Tef-1α for species-level identification of dermatophytes.MethodThe demographic data related to 87 culture-positive dermatophytes isolated from patients clinically suspected to have dermatophytosis were collected. The dermatophyte isolates were subjected to a partial polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing of Tef-1α gene by using specific pan-dermatophyte primers. The data were analysed by SeqMan software, the sequences were compared and aligned with the GenBank database and the isolates were identified.ResultsIdentification based on Tef-1α partial sequence was successful for all isolates. The identified dermatophyte isolates in decreasing order were as Trichophyton interdigitale 19 (22%), T. tonsurans 19 (22%), T. mentagrophytes 13 (15%), T. persicum 10 (11.5%), Epidermophyton floccosum 9 (10.3%), Microsporum canis 7 (8%), T. rubrum 5 (5.7%), T. violaceum 2 (2.2%), Nannizzia fulva 2 (2.2%) and N. persicolor 1 (1.1%). The isolates have been associated with clinical forms of tinea corporis (n = 38; 43.7%), tinea faciei (n = 13; 15%), tinea cruris (n = 12; 13.9%), tinea manuum (n = 7; 8%), tinea unguium (n = 7; 8%), tinea capitis (n = 7; 8%) and tinea pedis (n = 3; 3.4%).ConclusionDermatophytosis has yet remained a public health problem in Northeastern Iran, and infection with new and less frequent species, e.g., T. persicum, N. fulva and N. persicolor have emerged. The Tef-1α gene partial sequencing reconfirmed the resolution power of this locus for the determination of species boundaries in dermatophytes.

Dataset Information

Clarifying the Role of Schools in Tendency or Lack of Tendency Toward Smoking among Teenage Boys (11-14) in Mashhad, Iran.

Publications

Clarifying the Role of Schools in Tendency or Lack of Tendency Toward Smoking among Teenage Boys (11-14) in Mashhad, Iran.

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