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The brain tumor window model: a combined cranial window and implanted glioma model for evaluating intraoperative contrast agents.

ABSTRACT: Optical contrast agents for brain tumor delineation have been previously evaluated in ex vivo specimens from animals with implanted gliomas and may not reflect the true visual parameters encountered during surgery. This study describes a novel model system designed to evaluate optical contrast agents for tumor delineation in vivo.Biparietal craniectomies were performed on 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. 9L glioma cells were injected intraparenchymally. A cover slip was bonded to the cranial defect with cyanoacrylate glue. When the tumor radius reached 1 mm, Coomassie Blue was administered intravenously while the appearance of the cortical surface was recorded. Computerized image analysis of the red/green/blue color components was used to quantify visible differences between tumor and nonneoplastic tissue and to compare delineation in the brain tumor window (BTW) model with the conventional 9L glioma model.The tumor margin in the BTW model was poorly defined before contrast administration but readily apparent after contrast administration. Based on red component intensity, tumor delineation improved 4-fold at 50 minutes after contrast administration in the BTW model (P < .002). The conventional 9L glioma model overestimated the degree of delineation compared with the BTW model at the same dose of Coomassie Blue (P < .03).Window placement overlying an implanted glioma is technically possible and well tolerated in the rat. The BTW model is a valid system for evaluating optical contrast agents designed to delineate brain tumor margins. To our knowledge, we have described the first in vivo model system for evaluating optical contrast agents for tumor delineation.

SUBMITTER: Orringer DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3970731 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The brain tumor window model: a combined cranial window and implanted glioma model for evaluating intraoperative contrast agents.

Orringer Daniel A DA Chen Thomas T Huang Dah-Luen DL Armstead William M WM Hoff Benjamin A BA Koo Yong-Eun L YE Keep Richard F RF Philbert Martin A MA Kopelman Raoul R Sagher Oren O

Neurosurgery 20100401 4

<h4>Objective</h4>Optical contrast agents for brain tumor delineation have been previously evaluated in ex vivo specimens from animals with implanted gliomas and may not reflect the true visual parameters encountered during surgery. This study describes a novel model system designed to evaluate optical contrast agents for tumor delineation in vivo.<h4>Methods</h4>Biparietal craniectomies were performed on 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. 9L glioma cells were injected intraparenchymally. A cover s ...[more]

PMID: 20305495

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Project description:Significance: Electrophysiological recording and optical imaging are two prevalent neurotechnologies with complementary strengths, the combined application of which can significantly improve our capacity in deciphering neural circuits. Flexible electrode arrays can support longitudinal optical imaging in the same brain region, but their mechanical flexibility makes surgical preparation challenging. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol by which an ultraflexible nanoelectronic thread is co-implanted with a cranial window in a single surgery to enable chronic, dual-modal measurements. Aim: The method uses 1-μm -thick polymer neural electrodes which conform to the site of implantation. The mechanical flexibility of the probe allows bending without breaking and enables long-lasting electrophysiological recordings of single-unit activities and concurrent, high-resolution optical imaging through the cranial window. Approach: The protocol describes methods and procedures to co-implant an ultraflexible electrode array and a glass cranial window in the mouse neocortex. The implantation strategy includes temporary attachment of flexible electrodes to a retractable tungsten-microwire insertion shuttle, craniotomy, stereotaxic insertion of the electrode array, skull fixation of the cranial window and electrode, and installation of a head plate. Results: The resultant implant allows simultaneous interrogation of brain activity both electrophysiologically and optically for several months. Importantly, a variety of optical imaging modalities, including wide-field fluorescent imaging, two-photon microscopy, and functional optical imaging, can be readily applied to the specific brain region where ultraflexible electrodes record from. Conclusions: The protocol describes a method for co-implantation of ultraflexible neural electrodes and a cranial window for chronic, multimodal measurements of brain activity in mice. Device preparation and surgical implantation are described in detail to guide the adaptation of these methods for other flexible neural implants and cranial windows.

Dataset Information

The brain tumor window model: a combined cranial window and implanted glioma model for evaluating intraoperative contrast agents.

Publications

The brain tumor window model: a combined cranial window and implanted glioma model for evaluating intraoperative contrast agents.

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