Dataset Information

Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

ABSTRACT: Prospective studies have examined the association of serum and plasma carotenoids and micronutrients and breast cancer; however, to date, studies have only assessed exposure at one point in time.This study analyzed baseline and repeated serum measurements of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols to assess their associations with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.Serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured in a 6% sample of women in the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials at baseline and at years 1, 3, and 6 and in a 1% sample of women in the observational study at baseline and at year 3. The association of baseline compounds and breast cancer risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. In addition, repeated measurements were analyzed as time-dependent covariates. Of 5450 women with baseline measurements, 190 incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained over a median of 8.0 y of follow-up.After multivariable adjustment, risk of invasive breast cancer was inversely associated with baseline serum alpha-carotene concentrations (hazard ratio for highest compared with the lowest tertile: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.90; P = 0.02) and positively associated with baseline lycopene (hazard ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.22; P = 0.06). Analysis of repeated measurements indicated that alpha-carotene and beta-carotene were inversely associated with breast cancer and that gamma-tocopherol was associated with increased risk.The present study, which was the first to assess repeated measurements of serum carotenoids and micronutrients in relation to breast cancer, adds to the evidence of an inverse association of specific carotenoids with breast cancer. The positive associations observed for lycopene and gamma-tocopherol require confirmation. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00000611.

SUBMITTER: Kabat GC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3987813 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

Kabat Geoffrey C GC Kim Mimi M Adams-Campbell Lucile L LL Caan Bette J BJ Chlebowski Rowan T RT Neuhouser Marian L ML Shikany James M JM Rohan Thomas E TE

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20090527 1

<h4>Background</h4>Prospective studies have examined the association of serum and plasma carotenoids and micronutrients and breast cancer; however, to date, studies have only assessed exposure at one point in time.<h4>Objective</h4>This study analyzed baseline and repeated serum measurements of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols to assess their associations with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.<h4>Design</h4>Serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene ...[more]

PMID: 19474140

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Project description:BackgroundLow concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may be associated with cardiometabolic disorders; however, little is known about their relation to intermediate metabolic and lipid markers.ObjectiveWe investigated the relation of serum 25(OH)D concentrations to fasting insulin, glucose, dyslipidemia, adiposity, and prevalent metabolic syndrome.DesignWe conducted this cross-sectional analysis in 292 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 y in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium-Vitamin D (WHI-CaD) trial. Data were collected from 3 nested case-control studies that measured baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Inverse probability weighting was used to approximate parameter estimates for the WHI-CaD population.ResultsIn weighted linear regression models adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, month of blood draw, region, case-control status, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and history of cardiometabolic risk factors, there was an inverse association of serum 25(OH)D with adiposity [body mass index (BMI): β = -1.12 ± 0.30, P = 0.0002; waist circumference: β = -3.57 ± 0.49, P < 0.0001; waist-hip ratio: β = -0.01 ± 0.002, P < 0.0001], triglycerides (β = -0.10 ± 0.02, P < 0.0001), and triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio (β = -0.11 ± 0.03, P = 0.0003). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for metabolic syndrome for the highest (≥52 nmol/L) compared with the lowest (<35 nmol/L) tertile of serum 25(OH)D concentrations was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.56). Significant associations remained after adjustment for BMI. We observed no significant associations with LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), or homeostatic model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β).ConclusionHigher serum 25(OH)D concentrations may be inversely associated with adiposity, triglycerides, triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio, and metabolic syndrome but are not associated with LDL and HDL cholesterol, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, or HOMA-β in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.

Project description:BackgroundThe consumption and blood concentrations of lycopene are both positively and inversely associated with the risk of several chronic diseases. The inconsistences in lycopene disease association studies may stem from a lack of knowledge about the genetic variation in the synthesis, metabolism, and deposition of transport and binding proteins, which potentially influence serum lycopene concentrations.ObjectiveWe examined the association between variation across the genome and serum concentrations of lycopene in a multiethnic population.MethodsParticipants included African (n = 914), Hispanic (n = 464), and European (n = 1203) American postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. We analyzed ∼7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear regression models were used to assess associations between each SNP and serum concentrations (log transformed, continuous) of lycopene; we adjusted for age, body mass index, and population substructure. Models were run separately by ethnicity, and results were combined in a transethnic fixed-effects meta-analysis.ResultsIn the meta-analysis, the scavenger receptor class B, member 1 (SCARB1) gene, which encodes for a cholesterol membrane transporter, was significantly associated with lycopene concentrations (rs1672879; P < 2.68 × 10(-9)). Each additional G allele resulted in a 12% decrease in lycopene concentrations for African Americans, 20% decrease for Hispanic Americans, and 9% decrease for European Americans. In addition, 2 regions were significantly associated with serum lycopene concentrations in African Americans: the slit homolog 3 gene (SLIT3), which serves as a molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and the dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 2 (DHRS2) gene, which codes for an oxidoreductase that mitigates the breakdown of steroids.ConclusionsWe found 3 novel loci associated with serum lycopene concentrations, 2 of which were specific to African Americans. Future functional studies looking at these specific genes may provide insight into the metabolism and underlying function of lycopene in humans, which may further elucidate lycopene's influence on disease risk and health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.

Dataset Information

Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

Publications

Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

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