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Galactodendritic phthalocyanine targets carbohydrate-binding proteins enhancing photodynamic therapy.

ABSTRACT: Photosensitizers (PSs) are of crucial importance in the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Due to their high reactive oxygen species production and strong absorption in the wavelength range between 650 and 850 nm, where tissue light penetration is rather high, phthalocyanines (Pcs) have been studied as PSs of excellence. In this work, we report the evaluation of a phthalocyanine surrounded by a carbohydrate shell of sixteen galactose units distributed in a dendritic manner (PcGal16) as a new and efficient third generation PSs for PDT against two bladder cancer cell lines, HT-1376 and UM-UC-3. Here, we define the role of galacto-dendritic units in promoting the uptake of a Pc through interaction with GLUT1 and galectin-1. The photoactivation of PcGal16 induces cell death by generating oxidative stress. Although PDT with PcGal16 induces an increase on the activity of antioxidant enzymes immediately after PDT, bladder cancer cells are unable to recover from the PDT-induced damage effects for at least 72 h after treatment. PcGal16 co-localization with galectin-1 and GLUT1 and/or generation of oxidative stress after PcGal16 photoactivation induces changes in the levels of these proteins. Knockdown of galectin-1 and GLUT1, via small interfering RNA (siRNA), in bladder cancer cells decreases intracellular uptake and phototoxicity of PcGal16. The results reported herein show PcGal16 as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of bladder cancer, which is the fifth most common type of cancer with the highest rate of recurrence of any cancer.

SUBMITTER: Pereira PM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3999036 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Galactodendritic phthalocyanine targets carbohydrate-binding proteins enhancing photodynamic therapy.

Pereira Patrícia M R PM Silva Sandrina S Cavaleiro José A S JA Ribeiro Carlos A F CA Tomé João P C JP Fernandes Rosa R

PloS one 20140424 4

Photosensitizers (PSs) are of crucial importance in the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Due to their high reactive oxygen species production and strong absorption in the wavelength range between 650 and 850 nm, where tissue light penetration is rather high, phthalocyanines (Pcs) have been studied as PSs of excellence. In this work, we report the evaluation of a phthalocyanine surrounded by a carbohydrate shell of sixteen galactose units distributed in a dendritic manner ( ...[more]

PMID: 24763311

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Project description:BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) using chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) and paromomycin sulfate (PM) can be effective against New World Leishmania species involved in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The aim of this study is to assay the skin permeation and the antileishmanial effects of a nanoemulsion (NE) containing both ClAlPc and PM in experimental CL by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.Material and methodsCremophor ELP/castor oil-based NEs were prepared by a low-energy method and characterized for their physicochemical parameters. The NEs were used to deliver both ClAlPc and PM to leishmania cells. The in vitro toxicity of NEs were tested in vitro against L. (V.) braziliensis and THP-1 cells. The in vivo toxicity was assessed in non-infected BALB/c mice. Ex-vivo permeation and retention studies using healthy mice skin were also conducted. Finally, the in vivo activity of NE-PM+ClAlPc after PDT was tested in BALB/c mice infected with parasites.ResultsNEs are colloidally stable with average droplet diameter of 30 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.2, and zeta potential near zero. Both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes treated with NE-PM, NE-ClAlPc and NE-PM+ClAlPc were inhibited at >50%, >95%, >88%, respectively, after PDT with a phototoxic index (PI) >1.2. No skin ClAlPc permeation was observed. In contrast, PM skin permeation was 80-fold higher using PM-loaded NE formulation in comparison to aqueous PM solution. Topical treatment with NE formulations showed no signs of local toxicity or genotoxicity. In addition, concentrations of PM between 27.3 - 292.5 μM/25 mg of tissue were detected in different organs. In vivo, the NE-PM+ClAlPc treatment did not reduce skin lesions.ConclusionThe Cremophor ELP/castor oil NE formulation increases the permeation of PM through the skin and can be used to co-deliver PM plus ClAlPc for combined PDT protocols. However, the lack of efficacy in the in vivo model evidences that the therapeutical scheme has to be improved.

Dataset Information

Galactodendritic phthalocyanine targets carbohydrate-binding proteins enhancing photodynamic therapy.

Publications

Galactodendritic phthalocyanine targets carbohydrate-binding proteins enhancing photodynamic therapy.

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