Dataset Information

Number of sentinel medical institutions needed for estimating prefectural incidence in influenza surveillance in Japan.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The sentinel surveillance system in Japan provides estimates of nationwide influenza incidence. Although prefectural influenza incidences can be estimated using data from the current surveillance system, such estimates may be imprecise.

Methods

We calculated the numbers of sentinel medical institutions (SMIs) needed in the surveillance system to estimate influenza incidences in prefectures, under the assumption that the standard error rates in 75% of influenza epidemic cases are less than 10%. Epidemic cases observed in 47 prefectures during the 2007/2008, 2008/2009, and 2009/2010 seasons, respectively, were used.

Results

The present total number of SMIs was 6669. With respect to current standards, the increases required in prefectures ranged from 0 to 59, and the total increase required in the number of SMIs was 1668.

Conclusions

We used sentinel surveillance data for Japan to calculate the number of SMIs required to estimate influenza incidence in each prefecture.

SUBMITTER: Hashimoto S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4000765 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Number of sentinel medical institutions needed for estimating prefectural incidence in influenza surveillance in Japan.

Hashimoto Shuji S Kawado Miyuki M Murakami Yoshitaka Y Ohta Akiko A Shigematsu Mika M Tada Yuki Y Taniguchi Kiyosu K Nagai Masaki M

Journal of epidemiology 20140301 3

<h4>Background</h4>The sentinel surveillance system in Japan provides estimates of nationwide influenza incidence. Although prefectural influenza incidences can be estimated using data from the current surveillance system, such estimates may be imprecise.<h4>Methods</h4>We calculated the numbers of sentinel medical institutions (SMIs) needed in the surveillance system to estimate influenza incidences in prefectures, under the assumption that the standard error rates in 75% of influenza epidemic ...[more]

PMID: 24584400

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Project description:ObjectiveThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS-supported Spectrum software package is used by most countries worldwide to monitor the HIV epidemic. In Spectrum, HIV incidence trends among adults (aged 15-49 years) are derived by either fitting to seroprevalence surveillance and survey data or generating curves consistent with case surveillance and vital registration data, such as historical trends in the number of newly diagnosed infections or AIDS-related deaths. This article describes development and application of the case surveillance and vital registration (CSAVR) tool for the 2019 estimate round.MethodsIncidence in CSAVR is either estimated directly using single logistic, double logistic, or spline functions, or indirectly via the 'r-logistic' model, which represents the (log-transformed) per-capita transmission rate using a logistic function. The propensity to get diagnosed is assumed to be monotonic, following a Gamma cumulative distribution function and proportional to mortality as a function of time since infection. Model parameters are estimated from a combination of historical surveillance data on newly reported HIV cases, mean CD4 at HIV diagnosis and estimates of AIDS-related deaths from vital registration systems. Bayesian calibration is used to identify the best fitting incidence trend and uncertainty bounds.ResultsWe used CSAVR to estimate HIV incidence, number of new diagnoses, mean CD4 at diagnosis and the proportion undiagnosed in 31 European, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and Asian-Pacific countries. The spline model appeared to provide the best fit in most countries (45%), followed by the r-logistic (25%), double logistic (25%), and single logistic models. The proportion of HIV-positive people who knew their status increased from about 0.31 [interquartile range (IQR): 0.10-0.45] in 1990 to about 0.77 (IQR: 0.50-0.89) in 2017. The mean CD4 at diagnosis appeared to be stable, at around 410 cells/μl (IQR: 224-567) in 1990 and 373 cells/μl (IQR: 174-475) by 2017.ConclusionRobust case surveillance and vital registration data are routinely available in many middle-income and high-income countries while HIV seroprevalence surveillance and survey data may be scarce. In these countries, CSAVR offers a simpler, improved approach to estimating and projecting trends in both HIV incidence and knowledge of HIV status.

Dataset Information

Number of sentinel medical institutions needed for estimating prefectural incidence in influenza surveillance in Japan.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Number of sentinel medical institutions needed for estimating prefectural incidence in influenza surveillance in Japan.

Similar Datasets

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