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Ventral frontal satiation-mediated responses to food aromas in obese and normal-weight women.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Sensory properties of foods promote and guide consumption in hunger states, whereas satiation should dampen the sensory activation of ingestive behaviors. Such activation may be disordered in obese individuals. OBJECTIVE:Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied regional brain responses to food odor stimulation in the sated state in obese and normal-weight individuals targeting ventral frontal regions known to be involved in coding for stimulus reward value. DESIGN:Forty-eight women (25 normal weight; 23 obese) participated in a 2-day (fed compared with fasting) fMRI study while smelling odors of 2 foods and an inedible, nonfood object. Analyses were conducted to permit an examination of both general and sensory-specific satiation (satiation effects specific to a given food). RESULTS:Normal-weight subjects showed significant blood oxygen level-dependent responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to food aromas compared with responses induced by the odor of an inedible object. Normal-weight subjects also showed general (but not sensory-specific) satiation effects in both the vmPFC and orbitofrontal cortex. Obese subjects showed no differential response to the aromas of food and the inedible object when fasting. Within- and between-group differences in satiation were driven largely by changes in the response to the odor of the inedible stimulus. Responses to food aromas in the obese correlated with trait negative urgency, the tendency toward negative affect-provoked impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS:Ventral frontal signaling of reward value may be disordered in obesity, with negative urgency heightening responses to food aromas. The observed nature of responses to food and nonfood stimuli suggests that future research should independently quantify each to fully understand brain reward signaling in obesity.

SUBMITTER: Eiler WJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4021781 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ventral frontal satiation-mediated responses to food aromas in obese and normal-weight women.

Eiler William J A WJ Dzemidzic Mario M Case K Rose KR Armstrong Cheryl L H CL Mattes Richard D RD Cyders Melissa A MA Considine Robert V RV Kareken David A DA

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20140402 6

<h4>Background</h4>Sensory properties of foods promote and guide consumption in hunger states, whereas satiation should dampen the sensory activation of ingestive behaviors. Such activation may be disordered in obese individuals.<h4>Objective</h4>Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied regional brain responses to food odor stimulation in the sated state in obese and normal-weight individuals targeting ventral frontal regions known to be involved in coding for stimulus rewa ...[more]

PMID: 24695888

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Project description:Although vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among obese individuals, its cause is poorly understood. Few studies have measured vitamin D concentrations in adipose of obese (OB) subjects, and none have included normal weight controls (C). The goal of this study was to investigate whether the relationship between body composition, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), vitamin D in subcutaneous (SQ) and omental (OM) adipose, and total adipose stores of vitamin D differ among OB and C. Obese women undergoing bariatric surgery and normal-weight women undergoing abdominal surgery for benign gynecologic conditions were enrolled. Subjects had measurements of serum 25OHD by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vitamin D concentrations in SQ and OM adipose were measured by mass spectroscopy. Thirty-six women were enrolled. Serum 25OHD was similar between groups (OB 27?±?2 versus C 26?±?2?ng/mL; p?=?0.71). Adipose vitamin D concentrations were not significantly different in either SQ (OB 34?±?9 versus C 26?±?12?ng/g; p?=?0.63) or OM compartments (OB 51?±?13 versus C 30?±?18?ng/g; p?=?0.37). The distribution of vitamin D between SQ and OM compartments was similar between groups. Serum 25OHD was directly related to adipose vitamin D in both groups. Total body vitamin D stores were significantly greater in OB than in C (2.3?±?0.6 versus 0.4?±?0.8?mg, respectively; p?<?0.01). In summary, although OB had significantly greater total vitamin D stores than C, the relationship between serum 25OHD and fat vitamin D and the overall pattern of distribution of vitamin D between the OM and SQ fat compartments was similar. Our data demonstrate that obese subjects have greater adipose stores of vitamin D. They support the hypotheses that the enlarged adipose mass in obese individuals serves as a reservoir for vitamin D and that the increased amount of vitamin D required to saturate this depot may predispose obese individuals to inadequate serum 25OHD. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Dataset Information

Ventral frontal satiation-mediated responses to food aromas in obese and normal-weight women.

Publications

Ventral frontal satiation-mediated responses to food aromas in obese and normal-weight women.

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