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Dairy fat intake is associated with glucose tolerance, hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity, and liver fat but not ?-cell function in humans.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Plasma phospholipid concentrations of trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-16:1n-7), a biomarker of dairy fat intake, are inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in 2 US cohorts. OBJECTIVE:The objective was to investigate whether the intake of trans-16:1n-7 in particular, or dairy fat in general, is associated with glucose tolerance and key factors determining glucose tolerance. DESIGN:A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken in 17 men and women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 15 body mass index (BMI)- and age-matched controls. The concentrations of trans-16:1n-7 and 2 other biomarkers of dairy fat intake, 15:0 and 17:0, were measured in plasma phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFAs). Liver fat was estimated by computed tomography-derived liver-spleen ratio. Intravenous-glucose-tolerance tests and oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed to assess ?-cell function and hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity. RESULTS:In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, phospholipid 17:0, phospholipid trans-16:1n-7, FFA 15:0, and FFA 17:0 were inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose, the area under the curve for glucose during an OGTT, and liver fat. Phospholipid trans-16:1n-7 was also positively associated with hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity. None of the biomarkers were associated with ?-cell function. The associations between dairy fat intake and glucose tolerance were attenuated by adjusting for insulin sensitivity or liver fat, but strengthened by adjusting for ?-cell function. CONCLUSION:Although we cannot rule out reverse causation, these data support the hypothesis that dairy fat improves glucose tolerance, possibly through a mechanism involving improved hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity and reduced liver fat.

SUBMITTER: Kratz M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4021783 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dairy fat intake is associated with glucose tolerance, hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity, and liver fat but not β-cell function in humans.

Kratz Mario M Marcovina Santica S Nelson James E JE Yeh Matthew M MM Kowdley Kris V KV Callahan Holly S HS Song Xiaoling X Di Chongzhi C Utzschneider Kristina M KM

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20140416 6

<h4>Background</h4>Plasma phospholipid concentrations of trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-16:1n-7), a biomarker of dairy fat intake, are inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in 2 US cohorts.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective was to investigate whether the intake of trans-16:1n-7 in particular, or dairy fat in general, is associated with glucose tolerance and key factors determining glucose tolerance.<h4>Design</h4>A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken in 17 men and women with no ...[more]

PMID: 24740208

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Project description:The associations of body mass index (BMI) and liver fat (LF) with circulating prandial metabolomic markers are incompletely understood.We aimed to characterize circulating metabolite excursions during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and evaluate whether the metabolomic signatures of BMI discordance coassociate with LF content.We measured 80 metabolite parameters by nuclear magnetic resonance, together with glucose and insulin, during a 2-hour OGTT in 64 monozygotic (MZ) and 73 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (aged 22.8 to 36.2 years). Metabolite excursions during the OGTT were compared within BMI-discordant (intrapair difference, BMI ? 3 kg/m2) cotwins separately within MZ and DZ pairs. Insulin-based indices were calculated from the OGTT. LF was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 25 BMI-discordant MZ pairs. Metabolite profiles were compared with respect to LF discordance (?LF% ? 2%).We replicated many previously reported OGTT-induced metabolite excursions in all 274 individuals and report novel lipoprotein excursions. The associations between some metabolite excursions and BMI differed in MZ and DZ twins. In BMI-discordant MZ pairs (mean ?BMI = 4.9 kg/m2) who were concordant for LF (?0.2%), few metabolites differed between the cotwins: very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were elevated, and high-density lipoprotein size and concentration were decreased in the cotwins with higher BMI. In contrast, in BMI-discordant MZ pairs (?BMI = 6.1 kg/m2) who were discordant for LF (?6.8%), cotwins with higher BMI exhibited lower insulin sensitivity and widespread metabolomic differences: elevations in small VLDL and low-density lipoprotein particles, fatty acids (FAs), and isoleucine. Within all 64 MZ twin pairs, lower insulin sensitivity associated with higher levels of VLDLs, triglycerides, FAs, and isoleucine.BMI-discordant MZ twin pairs who also are discordant for LF have more pronounced within-pair differences in metabolomics profiles during an OGTT than BMI-discordant pairs without LF discordance.

Dataset Information

Dairy fat intake is associated with glucose tolerance, hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity, and liver fat but not ?-cell function in humans.

Publications

Dairy fat intake is associated with glucose tolerance, hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity, and liver fat but not β-cell function in humans.

Similar Datasets

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