A Breath of Fresh Air 2014 / Une Boufee D’air Frais 2014.
Ontology highlight
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC4029142 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:RATIONALE: Panic disorder (PD) has been shown to be associated with worse asthma outcomes in individuals with asthma, but the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Some theories suggest that asthmatics with PD have worse underlying asthma severity and some argue that they simply report more symptoms based on their tendency to catastrophize bodily sensations. METHODS: A total of 39 patients (19 with and 20 without PD) with physician-diagnosed asthma underwent standard metacholine challenge testing (MCT). Demographic and medical/asthma history information was collected at baseline. Pre and post MCT patients completed the Panic symptom scale (PSS), the Modified Borg Scale (MBS), and the Subjective distress visual analogue scale (SD-VAS). Heart rate (HR), systolic, and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) were recorded pre, during, and post MCT. RESULTS: There were no differences in PC20 values between asthmatics with and without PD (F=0.21, p=0.652). PD patients had a higher number of panic symptoms (from the PSS) at post-test compared to those without PD ([M (SD)] PD pre = 2.21 (2.42), PD post = 5.00 (3.32); non-PD pre = 0.75 (1.07), non-PD post = 2.25 (1.89): F=5.05, p=0.031). There were no differences in MBS (F=0.70, p=0.407), SD-VAS anxiety (F=0.36, p=0.554), SD-VAS worry (F=0.84, p=0.366), HR (F=0.06, p=0.805), SBP (F=0.49, p=0.487), or DBP (F=0.01, p=0.942) between PD and non-PD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that having PD is associated with increased subjective responses during MCT, with no impact on objective measures of asthma. Future research should focus on the potential impact of these increased panic attack-like symptoms on long-term asthma care and if intervening on them influences outcomes such as emergency room visits.
| S-EPMC4390905 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present online supplement highlights the poster abstracts selected for presentation at the 5th Annual Canadian Respiratory Conference (CRC) held in Vancouver, British Columbia, in April 2012. The CRC is a partnership initiative of the Canadian Thoracic Society, Canadian Respiratory Health Professionals, The Lung Association and the Canadian COPD Alliance and has become the premiere national educational and scientific meeting for the respiratory community in Canada. I would like to acknowledge the leadership and expertise of the Scientific Committee, our conference speakers and abstract presenters, all of whom contributed to the delivery of an excellent program. The next Canadian Respiratory Conference will be held in Québec City, Quebec, April 11 to 13, 2012 (www.lung.ca/crc). We look forward to seeing you there!
| S-EPMC3418102 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:Optimal meibomian gland (MG) function is critically important for the health and wellbeing of the ocular surface. We hypothesize that low oxygen (O2) conditions promote the function of human MG epithelial cells (HMGECs) and that human MGs exist in a relatively hypoxic environment. The purpose of this study was to test our hypotheses. METHODS:We used human and mouse eyelid segments, and immortalized human MG epithelial cells (IHMGECs) in our studies. To evaluate oxygen (O2) levels in the mouse MG and vicinity, we injected pimonidazole (pimo), a hypoxia marker, before sacrifice. Human eyelid samples were stained with the hypoxia marker glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1). To determine the effect of low O2 levels on IHMGECs, we cultured cells under proliferating and differentiating conditions in both normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (3% O2) conditions for 5-15 days. IHMGECs were evaluated for cell number, neutral lipid content, lysosome accumulation, expression of biomarker proteins and DNase II activity. RESULTS:Our results demonstrate that human and mouse MGs, but not the surrounding connective tissue, exist in a relatively hypoxic environment in vivo. In addition, our findings show that hypoxia does not influence IHMGEC numbers in basal or proliferating culture conditions, but does stimulate the expression of SREBP-1 in differentiating IHMGECs. Hypoxia also significantly increased DNase II activity, and apparently IHMGEC terminal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS:Our Results support our hypotheses, and indicate that relative hypoxia promotes MG function.
| S-EPMC6529253 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9757082 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, projected to become the 3rd cause of disease mortality worldwide by 2020. COPD is characterized by persistent and not fully reversible airflow limitation that is usually progressive and is associated with an abnormal chronic inflammatory response of the lung to noxious agents including cigarette smoke. Currently available therapeutic strategies aim to ease COPD symptoms but cannot prevent its progress or regenerate physiological lung structure or function. The urgently needed new approaches for the treatment of COPD include stem cell therapies among which transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy because of the unique properties of these cells. The present review discusses the main biological properties of WJ-MSCs pertinent to their potential application for the treatment of COPD in the context of COPD pathomechanisms with emphasis on chronic immune inflammatory processes that play key roles in the development and progression of COPD.
| S-EPMC5713416 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo provide a Portuguese version of the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP), investigating its validity and reliability in Brazilian patients with COPD.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study for translation and linguist validation of the Portuguese MDP version for patients with COPD. The process occurred according to the protocol of Mapi Research Trust, Lyon, France. Three scores of MDP were used for the analysis: the immediate unpleasantness of dyspnea (A1); the "immediate perception domain" (S) (sum of A1 plus the sensory descriptors) and the "emotional response domain" (A2) (sum of the emotional descriptors). The questionnaires COPD assessment Test (CAT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and Medical Research Council scale (MRC) were used as anchors to investigate MDP's validity. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and concurrent validity was assessed with Spearman correlation coefficients.ResultsThirty patients with moderate-severe COPD were studied for MDP's validation analysis (43% male, 63±8years, body mass index [BMI] 27±6Kg/m2, forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1] 48±15%predicted, six-minute walking test [6MWT] 464±84m and 84±16%predicted), whereas 10 patients were excluded from the test-retest reliability analysis due to missing data, resulting in a sample of 20 subjects for this purpose (50% male, 62±8years, BMI 27±6Kg/m2, FEV1 48±15%predicted, 6MWT 452±93m and 82±19%predicted). Both samples were similar regarding general characteristics (P>0,05 for all variables). MDP presented strong correlations, i.e., ICC intra-rater: A1: 0.77 (0.48-0.90), S: 0.78 (0.52-0.91), and A2: 0.85 (0.66-0.94), with high internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.86, 0.88 and 0.92 respectively); and ICC inter-rater: A1: 0.74 (0.46-0.89), S: 0.75 (0.48-0.89) and A2: 0.91 (0.78-0.96) with Cronbach's α 0.85, 0.86 and 0.95 respectively.ConclusionThe Portuguese version of the MDP is the first valid and reliable instrument to assess dyspnea multidimensionally in Portuguese-speaking patients with COPD.
| S-EPMC6490879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the hope of reducing the air supply flow of the powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) and extending the service life of the filter, a breath-following powered air-purifying respirator (BF-PAPR) that can dynamically adjust the air supply flow according to the breathing flow is proposed. The BF-PAPR changes the air supply flow by adjusting the speed of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan according to the air velocity at the half mask outlet (vhm) monitored by the modular wind speed transmitter. In the study, the air supply flow adjustment model of the BF-PAPR is developed. It is found that the filtration resistance barely influences vhm. In addition, under the same mean inhalation flow, the minimum outlet air velocity increases first and then decreases with the increase of the duty cycle variation coefficient (λ), while the maximum outlet air velocity decreases first and then increases. Moreover, the minimum air supply flow of the BF-PAPR is achieved when the standard value of the air velocity is 13.4 m/s and the value of λ is 1. The BF-PAPR can reduce the air supply flow by 6.5%-8.6% and the energy consumption by approximately 20% compared with the PAPR, which is beneficial for reducing the usage cost and extending the continuous working time.
| S-EPMC10374598 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented crisis to the global health sector. When discharging COVID-19 patients in accordance with throat or nasal swab protocols using RT-PCR, the potential risk of reintroducing the infection source to humans and the environment must be resolved. Here, 14 patients including 10 COVID-19 subjects were recruited; exhaled breath condensate (EBC), air samples and surface swabs were collected and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four hospitals with applied natural ventilation and disinfection practices in Wuhan. Here we discovered that 22.2% of COVID-19 patients (n = 9), who were ready for hospital discharge based on current guidelines, had SARS-CoV-2 in their exhaled breath (~105 RNA copies/m3). Although fewer surface swabs (3.1%, n = 318) tested positive, medical equipment such as face shield frequently contacted/used by healthcare workers and the work shift floor were contaminated by SARS-CoV-2 (3-8 viruses/cm2). Three of the air samples (n = 44) including those collected using a robot-assisted sampler were detected positive by a digital PCR with a concentration level of 9-219 viruses/m3. RT-PCR diagnosis using throat swab specimens had a failure rate of more than 22% in safely discharging COVID-19 patients who were otherwise still exhaling the SARS-CoV-2 by a rate of estimated ~1400 RNA copies per minute into the air. Direct surface contact might not represent a major transmission route, and lower positive rate of air sample (6.8%) was likely due to natural ventilation (1.6-3.3 m/s) and regular disinfection practices. While there is a critical need for strengthening hospital discharge standards in preventing re-emergence of COVID-19 spread, use of breath sample as a supplement specimen could further guard the hospital discharge to ensure the safety of the public and minimize the pandemic re-emergence risk.
| S-EPMC7557302 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Results collected in more than 20 years of studies suggest a relationship between the volatile organic compounds exhaled in breath and lung cancer. However, the origin of these compounds is still not completely elucidated. In spite of the simplistic vision that cancerous tissues in lungs directly emit the volatile metabolites into the airways, some papers point out that metabolites are collected by the blood and then exchanged at the air-blood interface in the lung. To shed light on this subject we performed an experiment collecting both the breath and the air inside both the lungs with a modified bronchoscopic probe. The samples were measured with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and an electronic nose. We found that the diagnostic capability of the electronic nose does not depend on the presence of cancer in the sampled lung, reaching in both cases an above 90% correct classification rate between cancer and non-cancer samples. On the other hand, multivariate analysis of GC-MS achieved a correct classification rate between the two lungs of only 76%. GC-MS analysis of breath and air sampled from the lungs demonstrates a substantial preservation of the VOCs pattern from inside the lung to the exhaled breath.
| S-EPMC4642313 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Summary Capturing water vapor from atmospheric air is a possible solution to local water scarcity, but it is very energy demanding. Energy consumption estimates of water-from-air technologies involving adsorption processes, thermo-responsive hydrophilicity switching polymers, air cooling processes, and reverse osmosis of deliquescent salt solutions reveal that these technologies are not competitive when compared with seawater desalination, and the use of fresh water and wastewater sources. They only become a viable option in the absence of local liquid water sources and when long-distance transport for socio-economic reasons is not an option. Of interest, direct solar-driven technology for water-from-air production is an attractive means to disentangle the local water-energy nexus. It is expected that climate change will accelerate the introduction of water-from-air technologies in local water supply schemes. The optimal water-from-air technology depends on the climate, relative humidity, and temperature profiles. A world map is presented, indicating the optimal geographic location for each technology. Graphical abstract Environmental technology; Engineering; Energy engineering; Materials science
| S-EPMC8567397 | biostudies-literature