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The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains.


ABSTRACT: We present a high-quality genome sequence of a Neanderthal woman from Siberia. We show that her parents were related at the level of half-siblings and that mating among close relatives was common among her recent ancestors. We also sequenced the genome of a Neanderthal from the Caucasus to low coverage. An analysis of the relationships and population history of available archaic genomes and 25 present-day human genomes shows that several gene flow events occurred among Neanderthals, Denisovans and early modern humans, possibly including gene flow into Denisovans from an unknown archaic group. Thus, interbreeding, albeit of low magnitude, occurred among many hominin groups in the Late Pleistocene. In addition, the high-quality Neanderthal genome allows us to establish a definitive list of substitutions that became fixed in modern humans after their separation from the ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans.

SUBMITTER: Prufer K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4031459 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains.

Prüfer Kay K   Racimo Fernando F   Patterson Nick N   Jay Flora F   Sankararaman Sriram S   Sawyer Susanna S   Heinze Anja A   Renaud Gabriel G   Sudmant Peter H PH   de Filippo Cesare C   Li Heng H   Mallick Swapan S   Dannemann Michael M   Fu Qiaomei Q   Kircher Martin M   Kuhlwilm Martin M   Lachmann Michael M   Meyer Matthias M   Ongyerth Matthias M   Siebauer Michael M   Theunert Christoph C   Tandon Arti A   Moorjani Priya P   Pickrell Joseph J   Mullikin James C JC   Vohr Samuel H SH   Green Richard E RE   Hellmann Ines I   Johnson Philip L F PL   Blanche Hélène H   Cann Howard H   Kitzman Jacob O JO   Shendure Jay J   Eichler Evan E EE   Lein Ed S ES   Bakken Trygve E TE   Golovanova Liubov V LV   Doronichev Vladimir B VB   Shunkov Michael V MV   Derevianko Anatoli P AP   Viola Bence B   Slatkin Montgomery M   Reich David D   Kelso Janet J   Pääbo Svante S  

Nature 20131218 7481


We present a high-quality genome sequence of a Neanderthal woman from Siberia. We show that her parents were related at the level of half-siblings and that mating among close relatives was common among her recent ancestors. We also sequenced the genome of a Neanderthal from the Caucasus to low coverage. An analysis of the relationships and population history of available archaic genomes and 25 present-day human genomes shows that several gene flow events occurred among Neanderthals, Denisovans a  ...[more]

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