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Proteobacteria-specific IgA regulates maturation of the intestinal microbiota.

ABSTRACT: The intestinal microbiota changes dynamically from birth to adulthood. In this study we identified γ-Proteobacteria as a dominant phylum present in newborn mice that is suppressed in normal adult microbiota. The transition from a neonatal to a mature microbiota was in part regulated by induction of a γ-Proteobacteria-specific IgA response. Neocolonization experiments in germ-free mice further revealed a dominant Proteobacteria-specific IgA response triggered by the immature microbiota. Finally, a role for B cells in the regulation of microbiota maturation was confirmed in IgA-deficient mice. Mice lacking IgA had persistent intestinal colonization with γ-Proteobacteria that resulted in sustained intestinal inflammation and increased susceptibility to neonatal and adult models of intestinal injury. Collectively, these results identify an IgA-dependent mechanism responsible for the maturation of the intestinal microbiota.

SUBMITTER: Mirpuri J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4049932 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The commensal gut microbiota critically regulates immunomodulatory processes that influence normal skeletal growth and maturation. However, the influence of specific microbes on commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunoregulatory actions is unknown. We have shown previously that the commensal gut microbiota enhances TH17/IL17A immune response effects in marrow and liver that have procatabolic/antianabolic actions in the skeleton. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a specific commensal gut bacterium within phylum Firmicutes, potently induces TH17/IL17A-mediated immunity. The study purpose was to delineate the influence of SFB on commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal development. Two murine models were utilized: SFB-monoassociated mice versus germ-free (GF) mice and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice +/- SFB. SFB colonization was validated by 16S rDNA analysis, and SFB-induced TH17/IL17A immunity was confirmed by upregulation of Il17a in ileum and IL17A in serum. SFB-colonized mice had an osteopenic trabecular bone phenotype, which was attributed to SFB actions suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Intriguingly, SFB-colonized mice had increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines and acute-phase reactants in the liver. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), an acute-phase reactant and antimicrobial peptide, was substantially elevated in the liver and serum of SFB-colonized mice, which supports the notion that SFB regulation of commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunomodulatory actions are mediated in part through a gut-liver-bone axis. Proinflammatory TH17 and TH1 cells were increased in liver-draining lymph nodes of SFB-colonized mice, which further substantiates that SFB osteoimmune-response effects may be mediated through the liver. SFB-induction of Il17a in the gut and Lcn2 in the liver resulted in increased circulating levels of IL17A and LCN2. Recognizing that IL17A and LCN2 support osteoclastogenesis/suppress osteoblastogenesis, SFB actions impairing postpubertal skeletal development appear to be mediated through immunomodulatory effects in both the gut and liver. This research reveals that specific microbes critically impact commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal growth and maturation. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Proteobacteria-specific IgA regulates maturation of the intestinal microbiota.

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