Dataset Information

High reinfection rate after preventive chemotherapy for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnam.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The World Health Organization aims for complete morbidity control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in endemic areas by 2020. The main intervention tool for achieving this goal is regular use of preventive chemotherapy by offering praziquantel to those at risk in endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy to control FZT in an endemic area in Northern Vietnam.

Methodology and principle findings

We followed a cohort of 396 people who fulfilled the criteria for receiving preventive chemotherapy. Stool samples were examined by Kato-Katz technique for the presence of trematode eggs before, and two, 16, 29 and 60 weeks after preventive chemotherapy. The prevalence of trematode eggs in stool was 40.2% before, 2.3% two weeks after and increased to a cumulative prevalence of 29.8% sixty weeks after preventive chemotherapy.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy as a main component in control of FZT is not well documented in most endemic areas. We found a high reinfection rate within the first year after preventive chemotherapy. Since these trematodes are zoonoses, preventive chemotherapy may not have sufficient impact alone on the transmission to have a lasting effect on the prevalence. Animal reservoirs and farm management practices must be targeted to achieve sustainable control of fishborne zoonotic trematode infections, hence control programs should consider a One Health approach.

SUBMITTER: Lier T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4063704 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

High reinfection rate after preventive chemotherapy for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnam.

Lier Tore T Do Dung Trung DT Johansen Maria Vang MV Nguyen Thi Hop TH Dalsgaard Anders A Asfeldt Anne Mette AM

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20140619 6

<h4>Background</h4>The World Health Organization aims for complete morbidity control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in endemic areas by 2020. The main intervention tool for achieving this goal is regular use of preventive chemotherapy by offering praziquantel to those at risk in endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy to control FZT in an endemic area in Northern Vietnam.<h4>Methodology and principle findings</h4>We followe ...[more]

PMID: 24945411

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Project description:While praziquantel mass drug administration is currently the most widely used method in the control of human schistosomiasis, it does not prevent subsequent reinfection hence persistent transmission. Towards schistosomiasis elimination, understanding the reinfection rate is crucial in planning for the future interventions. However, there is scarcity of information on the global reinfection rate of schistosomiasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing studies that estimated the reinfection rate of human schistosomiasis. Three data bases (PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar) were thoroughly searched to retrieve original research articles presenting data on reinfection rate of human schistosomiasis. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed based on Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted using statistical R version 3.6.2 and R Studio using "meta" and "metafor" packages. Random effect model was employed to estimate pooled reinfection rates. Heterogeneity was determined using Cochran's Q (chi-square)-test and Higgins I2 statistics. A total of 29 studies met inclusion criteria to be included in this review. All studies had at least satisfactory (5-9 scores) quality. The overal mean and pooled reinfection rates of schistosomiasis were 36.1% (±23.3%) and 33.2% (95% CI, 26.5-40.5%) respectively. For intestinal schistosomiasis, the mean and pooled reinfection rates were 43.9% (±20.6%) and 43.4% (95% CI, 35.8-51.4%), and that for urogenital schistosomiasis were 17.6% (±10.8%) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.3%- 29.2%) respectively. Cochran's Q (chi-square)-test and Higgins I2 statistic indicated significant heterogeneity across studies (p-values < 0.001, I2 values > 95%). Results of subgroup analysis showed that, the type of Schistosoma species, participants' age group, sample size and geographical area had influence on disparity variation in reinfection rate of schistosomiasis (p < 0.1). Despite the control measures in place, the re-infection rate is still high, specifically on intestinal schistosomiasis as compared to urogenital schistosomiasis. Achieving 2030 sustainable development goal 3 on good health and wellbeing intensive programmatic strategies for schistosomiasis elimination should be implemented. Among such strategies to be used at national level are repeated mass drug administration at least every six months, intensive snails control and health education.

Dataset Information

High reinfection rate after preventive chemotherapy for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnam.

Background

Methodology and principle findings

Conclusions

Publications

High reinfection rate after preventive chemotherapy for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnam.

Similar Datasets

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