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Postprandial thermogenesis and substrate oxidation are unaffected by sleep restriction.

ABSTRACT: The extent to which alterations in energy expenditure (EE) in response to sleep restriction contribute to the short sleep-obesity relationship is not clearly defined. Short sleep may induce changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food (TEF) and postprandial substrate oxidation.Ten females (age and body mass index: 22-43 years and 23.4-28?kg?m(-2)) completed a randomized, crossover study assessing the effects of short (4?h per night) and habitual (8?h per night) sleep duration on fasting and postprandial RMR and respiratory quotient (RQ). Measurements were taken after three nights using whole-room indirect calorimetry. The TEF was assessed over a 6-h period following consumption of a high-fat liquid meal.Short versus habitual sleep did not affect RMR (1.01±0.05 and 0.97±0.04?kcal?min(-1); P=0.23). Fasting RQ was significantly lower after short versus habitual sleep (0.84±0.01 and 0.88±0.01; P=0.028). Postprandial EE (short: 1.13±0.04 and habitual: 1.10±0.04, P=0.09) and RQ (short: 0.88±0.01 and habitual: 0.88±0.01, P=0.50) after the high-fat meal were not different between conditions. TEF was similar between conditions (0.24±0.02?kcal?min(-1) in both; P=0.98), as was the ~6-h incremental area under the curve (1.16±0.10 and 1.17±0.09?kcal?min(-1) × 356?min after short and habitual sleep, respectively; P=0.92).Current findings observed in non-obese healthy premenopausal women do not support the hypothesis that alterations in TEF and postprandial substrate oxidation are major contributors to the higher rate of obesity observed in short sleepers. In exploring a role of sleep duration on EE, research should focus on potential alterations in physical activity to explain the increased obesity risk in short sleepers.

SUBMITTER: Shechter A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4063893 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Postprandial thermogenesis and substrate oxidation are unaffected by sleep restriction.

Shechter A A Rising R R Wolfe S S Albu J B JB St-Onge M-P MP

International journal of obesity (2005) 20131219 9

<h4>Background/objectives</h4>The extent to which alterations in energy expenditure (EE) in response to sleep restriction contribute to the short sleep-obesity relationship is not clearly defined. Short sleep may induce changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food (TEF) and postprandial substrate oxidation.<h4>Subjects/methods</h4>Ten females (age and body mass index: 22-43 years and 23.4-28 kg m(-2)) completed a randomized, crossover study assessing the effects of short (4 h ...[more]

PMID: 24352294

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Project description:Background:The macronutrient composition of the diet may play a more important role in maintaining a healthy body weight and preventing obesity than previously thought. The primary goal of this research was to determine the extent to which the simple addition of a small serving of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) to meals with different macronutrient compositions impacts appetite, energy metabolism and substrate oxidation. Methods:Appetite, energy metabolism and substrate oxidation were measured in 27 healthy weight adults (age = 23?±?5 y; BMI = 23?±?2 kg/m2) on two occasions in a room calorimeter after consuming a SSB or a non-nutritive-sweetened beverage (NNSB) with a standard (15%E) or high- (30%E) protein meal. Meal carbohydrate (CHO) content was adjusted to maintain equivalent calories for both study visits. All meals were composed of the same foods and provided 17 g of fat and 500 non-beverage calories. Study visits were separated by at least 1 week and menstruating females were studied during the luteal phase (Days 15-20). The effects of sex, protein level and beverage type and their interactions on satiety, appetite for foods with specific taste profiles, diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and rates of substrate oxidation were assessed using a 3-way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. Results:Increasing dietary protein decreased hunger and increased satiety. Males were hungrier and less satisfied with the meals than females. Increasing dietary protein also decreased the desire to eat something savory, salty and fatty and the males had a greater appetite for food with these taste profiles. Interestingly, there was no effect of sex, dietary protein or beverage type on the desire to eat something sweet. The inclusion of a SSB markedly suppressed DIT (2.42%?±?5.91%) and fat oxidation (9.87?±?11.09 g). Conclusion:Appetite sensations, food preferences, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation are significantly altered in response to changes in meal macronutrient composition produced by modifications in the protein content of a meal and consumption of a SSB. Most notably, consumption of a SSB during a meal markedly reduces energy efficiency and fat oxidation independent of macronutrient composition. Trial registrations:ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02211599, registered August 05, 2014.

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Postprandial thermogenesis and substrate oxidation are unaffected by sleep restriction.

Publications

Postprandial thermogenesis and substrate oxidation are unaffected by sleep restriction.

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