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Interferon regulatory factor 6 regulates keratinocyte migration.

ABSTRACT: Interferon regulatory factor 6 (Irf6) regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Irf6 regulates cellular migration and adhesion. Irf6-deficient embryos at 10.5?days post-conception failed to close their wound compared with wild-type embryos. In vitro, Irf6-deficient murine embryonic keratinocytes were delayed in closing a scratch wound. Live imaging of the scratch showed deficient directional migration and reduced speed in cells lacking Irf6. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions were investigated. We show that wild-type and Irf6-deficient keratinocytes adhere similarly to all matrices after 60?min. However, Irf6-deficient keratinocytes were consistently larger and more spread, a phenotype that persisted during the scratch-healing process. Interestingly, Irf6-deficient keratinocytes exhibited an increased network of stress fibers and active RhoA compared with that observed in wild-type keratinocytes. Blocking ROCK, a downstream effector of RhoA, rescued the delay in closing scratch wounds. The expression of Arhgap29, a Rho GTPase-activating protein, was reduced in Irf6-deficient keratinocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that Irf6 functions through the RhoA pathway to regulate cellular migration.

SUBMITTER: Biggs LC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4075356 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interferon regulatory factor 6 regulates keratinocyte migration.

Biggs Leah C LC Naridze Rachelle L RL DeMali Kris A KA Lusche Daniel F DF Kuhl Spencer S Soll David R DR Schutte Brian C BC Dunnwald Martine M

Journal of cell science 20140428 Pt 13

Interferon regulatory factor 6 (Irf6) regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Irf6 regulates cellular migration and adhesion. Irf6-deficient embryos at 10.5 days post-conception failed to close their wound compared with wild-type embryos. In vitro, Irf6-deficient murine embryonic keratinocytes were delayed in closing a scratch wound. Live imaging of the scratch showed deficient directional migration and reduced speed in cells lacking ...[more]

PMID: 24777480

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Project description:Human rhinoviruses (HRV) cause the majority of colds and trigger exacerbations of chronic lower airway diseases. Airway epithelial cells are the primary site for HRV infection and replication, and the initiation of host inflammatory responses. At present, the molecular mechanisms that underpin HRV responses in airway epithelial cells are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to employ microarray profiling, upstream regulator analysis, and siRNA mediated gene silencing to further our understanding of the role of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in this response.Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) where transfected with siRNA that targets IRF7 or a non-silencing control (all-star control) using Lipofectamine. The cells were allowed to recover, and then cultured in the presence or absence of HRV-16 for 24 h. Global patterns of gene expression were profiled on microarrays. A subset of genes identified in the microarray study were validated at the mRNA and/or protein level using real time RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blots.Hundreds of genes were upregulated in HBE during HRV infection. Pathways analysis demonstrated that these genes were mainly involved in type I and II interferon signaling, RIG-I/MDA5 signaling, antigen processing and presentation, and apoptosis. Upstream regulator analysis of these data suggested that IRF7 was a major molecular driver of this response. Knockdown of IRF7 reduced the HRV-driven upregulation of genes involved in antiviral responses (interferon signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, RIG-I/MDA5 signaling), and increased the expression of genes that promote inflammation (e.g. CXCL5, IL-33, IL1RL1) and the response to oxidative stress. However, the majority of genes that were perturbed by HRV in HBE cells including those that are known to be regulated by IRF7 were insensitive to IRF7 knockdown. Upstream regulator analysis of the part of the response that was insensitive to IRF7 knockdown suggested it was driven by NF-?B, STAT1, STAT3, and IRF1.Our findings demonstrate that IRF7 regulates the expression of genes involved in antiviral immunity, inflammation, and the response to oxidative stress during HRV infections in HBE cells, and also suggests that other transcription factors play a major role in this response.

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Interferon regulatory factor 6 regulates keratinocyte migration.

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Interferon regulatory factor 6 regulates keratinocyte migration.

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