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In vitro Evaluation of Different Feeds for Their Potential to Generate Methane and Change Methanogen Diversity.

ABSTRACT: Optimization of the dietary formulation is the most effective way to reduce methane. Nineteen feed ingredients (brans, vegetable proteins, and grains) were evaluated for their potential to generate methane and change methanogen diversity using an in vitro ruminal fermentation technique. Feed formulations categorized into high, medium and low production based on methane production of each ingredient were then subjected to in vitro fermentation to determine the real methane production and their effects on digestibility. Methanogen diversity among low, medium and high-methane producing groups was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. The highest methane production was observed in Korean wheat bran, soybean and perilla meals, and wheat and maize of brans, vegetable protein and cereal groups, respectively. On the other hand, corn bran, cotton seed meal and barley led to the lowest production in the same groups. Nine bacteria and 18 methanogen 16s rDNA PCR-DGGE dominant bands were identified with 83% to 99% and 92% to 100% similarity, respectively. Overall, the results of this study showed that methane emissions from ruminants can be mitigated through proper selection of feed ingredients to be used in the formulation of diets.

SUBMITTER: Kim SH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4092884 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In vitro Evaluation of Different Feeds for Their Potential to Generate Methane and Change Methanogen Diversity.

Kim Seon-Ho SH Mamuad Lovelia L LL Jeong Chang-Dae CD Choi Yeon-Jae YJ Lee Sung Sill SS Ko Jong-Youl JY Lee Sang-Suk SS

Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences 20131201 12

Optimization of the dietary formulation is the most effective way to reduce methane. Nineteen feed ingredients (brans, vegetable proteins, and grains) were evaluated for their potential to generate methane and change methanogen diversity using an in vitro ruminal fermentation technique. Feed formulations categorized into high, medium and low production based on methane production of each ingredient were then subjected to in vitro fermentation to determine the real methane production and their ef ...[more]

PMID: 25049760

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Project description:BackgroundPaddies are an important anthropogenic source of methane emissions to the atmosphere, and they are impacted by heavy metal pollution. Nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) pollution might either enhance or mitigate CH4 emission from paddy soils due to the total amounts of metals, bioavailability and functional microbial activity and composition.MethodsAn incubation experiment was conducted, and different Ni and Co concentrations were added to test the effects of trace metals on methane production in paddy soil. The archaea community structure and the abundance of methanogen functional groups in the paddy soil with added Ni and Co were detected using high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR based on the 16S rRNA and mcrA (methyl coenzyme M reductase) genes, respectively.ResultsThe highest methane production rate was 561 mg CH4 kg-1 dry soil d-1 with the addition of 50 mg kg-1 Ni and 684 mg CH4 kg-1 dry soil d-1 with the addition of 25 mg kg-1 Co. Accordingly, the mcrA gene was most abundant in the 50 mg kg-1 Ni addition (3.1 × 106 ± 0.5 × 106 copies g-1 dry soil). The lowest mcrA gene abundance was detected in the 500 mg kg-1 Co addition (9.2× 105 ± 0.4 × 105 copies g-1 dry soil). The dominant methanogens were Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, Methanocella, Methanomassiliicoccus, Bathyarchaeota, and Rice Cluster I (RC-I), and the relative abundances of these groups were higher than 1% in the Ni and Co treatments. Additionally, the archaeal compositions differed significantly in the soils with various Ni and Co additions. The most abundant Methanococcus spp. represented 51.3% of the composition in the 50 mg kg-1 Ni addition, which was significantly higher than that of the control (12.9% to 17.5%).DiscussionOur results indicated that the contamination of soil by Ni and Co significantly affected total methanogens abundance and specific methanogen functional groups. Ni and Co additions to paddy soil promoted methanogenic activity at low concentrations, while they had inhibitory effects at high concentrations. Because paddy soils largely contribute to methane emissions and are increasingly exposed to heavy metal pollution, our results show that future assessments of greenhouse gas flux from paddy soils should take into account the effects of pollution by Ni and Co.

Project description:The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD) using 2 buffer solutions with or without urea addition. The study was comprised of 2 separate experiments. In both experiments, the treatments were composed of Kansas or McDougall's buffer solutions with or without urea addition, according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. In Exp. I, the IVDMD and IVNDFD of 25 forages and 25 concentrates were evaluated. Samples were incubated for 48 h using an artificial fermenter and nonwoven textile filter bags (100 g/m2). In this experiment, the repeatability and discriminatory power among samples were calculated within forage or concentrate samples, for each treatment. In Exp. II, Tifton hay and ground corn samples were incubated for 48 h. The pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration were measured after 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h of incubation. In Exp. I, the interaction between buffer solution and urea addition impacted the IVDMD and IVNDFD of forages (P < 0.05), with greater values being exhibited when using McDougall's buffer with urea (P < 0.05). For concentrates, the effect of buffer and urea interaction did not affect IVDMD and IVNDFD (P > 0.05). However, greater IVDMD and IVNDFD were observed for McDougall's buffer (P < 0.05), while urea addition increased IVDMD and IVFDFD estimates (P < 0.05) regardless of buffer solution used. In general, repeatability of the digestibility was better using McDougall's buffer and improved when urea was added. Urea addition also decreased the discriminatory power among samples for both buffers. In Exp. II, a buffer solution × urea addition × incubation time interaction was detected (P < 0.05) for pH and NH3-N in both Tifton hay and ground corn. Kansas buffer exhibited lower pH values with a greater decrease observed throughout incubation time when compared to McDougall's buffer. The use of Kansas buffer with urea addition was the only treatment exhibiting NH3-N accumulation throughout incubation. In conclusion, McDougall's buffer provides both better conditions for in vitro fiber digestion and greater precision in digestibility estimates, and is recommended over Kansas buffer. In spite of urea addition increases the precision of in vitro digestibility estimates, it decreases discriminatory power among samples.

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Dataset Information

In vitro Evaluation of Different Feeds for Their Potential to Generate Methane and Change Methanogen Diversity.

Publications

In vitro Evaluation of Different Feeds for Their Potential to Generate Methane and Change Methanogen Diversity.

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