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Cholesterol-induced activation of TRPM7 regulates cell proliferation, migration, and viability of human prostate cells.

ABSTRACT: Cholesterol has been shown to promote cell proliferation/migration in many cells; however the mechanism(s) have not yet been fully identified. Here we demonstrate that cholesterol increases Ca(2+) entry via the TRPM7 channel, which promoted proliferation of prostate cells by inducing the activation of the AKT and/or the ERK pathway. Additionally, cholesterol mediated Ca(2+) entry induced calpain activity that showed a decrease in E-cadherin expression, which together could lead to migration of prostate cancer cells. An overexpression of TRPM7 significantly facilitated cholesterol dependent Ca(2+) entry, cell proliferation and tumor growth. Whereas, TRPM7 silencing or inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by statin showed a significant decrease in cholesterol-mediated activation of TRPM7, cell proliferation, and migration of prostate cancer cells. Consistent with these results, statin intake was inversely correlated with prostate cancer patients and increase in TRPM7 expression was observed in samples obtained from prostate cancer patients. Altogether, we provide evidence that cholesterol-mediated activation of TRPM7 is important for prostate cancer and have identified that TRPM7 could be essential for initiation and/or progression of prostate cancer.

SUBMITTER: Sun Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4096426 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cholesterol-induced activation of TRPM7 regulates cell proliferation, migration, and viability of human prostate cells.

Sun Yuyang Y Sukumaran Pramod P Varma Archana A Derry Susan S Sahmoun Abe E AE Singh Brij B BB

Biochimica et biophysica acta 20140425 9

Cholesterol has been shown to promote cell proliferation/migration in many cells; however the mechanism(s) have not yet been fully identified. Here we demonstrate that cholesterol increases Ca(2+) entry via the TRPM7 channel, which promoted proliferation of prostate cells by inducing the activation of the AKT and/or the ERK pathway. Additionally, cholesterol mediated Ca(2+) entry induced calpain activity that showed a decrease in E-cadherin expression, which together could lead to migration of p ...[more]

PMID: 24769209

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Project description:BackgroundDespite latest advances in prostate cancer (PCa) therapy, PCa remains the third-leading cause of cancer-related death in European men. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules with gene expression regulatory function, has been reported in all types of epithelial and haematological cancers. In particular, miR-221-5p alterations have been reported in PCa.MethodsmiRNA expression data was retrieved from a comprehensive publicly available dataset of 218 PCa patients (GSE21036) and miR-221-5p expression levels were analysed. The functional role of miR-221-5p was characterised in androgen- dependent and androgen- independent PCa cell line models (C4-2 and PC-3M-Pro4 cells) by miR-221-5p overexpression and knock-down experiments. The metastatic potential of highly aggressive PC-3M-Pro4 cells overexpressing miR-221-5p was determined by studying extravasation in a zebrafish model. Finally, the effect of miR-221-5p overexpression on the growth of PC-3M-Pro4luc2 cells in vivo was studied by orthotopic implantation in male Balb/cByJ nude mice and assessment of tumor growth.ResultsAnalysis of microRNA expression dataset for human primary and metastatic PCa samples and control normal adjacent benign prostate revealed miR-221-5p to be significantly downregulated in PCa compared to normal prostate tissue and in metastasis compared to primary PCa. Our in vitro data suggest that miR-221-5p overexpression reduced PCa cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, miR-221-5p overexpression dramatically reduced migration of PCa cells, which was associated with differential expression of selected EMT markers. The functional changes of miR-221-5p overexpression were reversible by the loss of miR-221-5p levels, indicating that the tumor suppressive effects were specific to miR-221-5p. Additionally, miR-221-5p overexpression significantly reduced PC-3M-Pro4 cell extravasation and metastasis formation in a zebrafish model and decreased tumor burden in an orthotopic mouse model of PCa.ConclusionsTogether these data strongly support a tumor suppressive role of miR-221-5p in the context of PCa and its potential as therapeutic target.

Project description:Angiotensin II (AngII) is a central signaling molecule of the renin‑angiotensin system that serves a vital role in myocardial fibrosis (MF). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 on MF progression. To induce cellular fibrosis, H9C2 rat myocardial cells were treated with AngII for 24 h. Subsequently, cells were treated with levocarnitine, or transfected with small interfering (si)RNA‑negative control or siRNA‑MMP3 (1/2/3). Cell viability, apoptosis and migration were assessed by performing Cell Counting Kit‑8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of MF biomarkers, including disease‑, apoptosis‑ and oxidative stress‑related genes. Compared with the control group, AngII significantly inhibited H9C2 cell viability and migration, and significantly increased H9C2 cell apoptosis (P<0.05). However, compared with AngII‑treated H9C2 cells, MMP3 knockdown significantly inhibited fibrotic H9C2 cell viability and migration, but increased fibrotic H9C2 cell apoptosis (P<0.05). The RT‑qPCR results demonstrated that MMP3 knockdown significantly downregulated the expression levels of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, AngII receptor type 1, α‑smooth muscle actin and Collagen I in AngII‑treated H9C2 cells (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with AngII‑treated cells, MMP3 knockdown significantly decreased Bcl‑2 expression levels , but significantly increased caspase‑3 and p53 expression levels in AngII‑treated cells (P<0.05). Additionally, compared with AngII‑treated cells, MMP3 knockdown significantly decreased MMP3, MMP9, STAT3, p22Phox and p47Phox expression levels in AngII‑treated cells (P<0.05). The present study indicated that MMP3 knockdown altered myocardial fibroblast cell viability, migration and apoptosis by regulating apoptosis‑ and oxidative stress‑related genes, thus delaying MF progression.

Dataset Information

Cholesterol-induced activation of TRPM7 regulates cell proliferation, migration, and viability of human prostate cells.

Publications

Cholesterol-induced activation of TRPM7 regulates cell proliferation, migration, and viability of human prostate cells.

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