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A peptide of heparin cofactor II inhibits endotoxin-mediated shock and invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

ABSTRACT: Sepsis and septic shock remain important medical problems with high mortality rates. Today's treatment is based mainly on using antibiotics to target the bacteria, without addressing the systemic inflammatory response, which is a major contributor to mortality in sepsis. Therefore, novel treatment options are urgently needed to counteract these complex sepsis pathologies. Heparin cofactor II (HCII) has recently been shown to be protective against Gram-negative infections. The antimicrobial effects were mapped to helices A and D of the molecule. Here we show that KYE28, a 28 amino acid long peptide representing helix D of HCII, is antimicrobial against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the fungus Candida albicans. Moreover, KYE28 binds to LPS and thereby reduces LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses by decreasing NF-?B/AP-1 activation in vitro. In mouse models of LPS-induced shock, KYE28 significantly enhanced survival by dampening the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Finally, in an invasive Pseudomonas infection model, the peptide inhibited bacterial growth and reduced the pro-inflammatory response, which lead to a significant reduction of mortality. In summary, the peptide KYE28, by simultaneously targeting bacteria and LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses represents a novel therapeutic candidate for invasive infections.

SUBMITTER: Kalle M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4105479 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A peptide of heparin cofactor II inhibits endotoxin-mediated shock and invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Kalle Martina M Papareddy Praveen P Kasetty Gopinath G van der Plas Mariena J A MJ Mörgelin Matthias M Malmsten Martin M Schmidtchen Artur A

PloS one 20140721 7

Sepsis and septic shock remain important medical problems with high mortality rates. Today's treatment is based mainly on using antibiotics to target the bacteria, without addressing the systemic inflammatory response, which is a major contributor to mortality in sepsis. Therefore, novel treatment options are urgently needed to counteract these complex sepsis pathologies. Heparin cofactor II (HCII) has recently been shown to be protective against Gram-negative infections. The antimicrobial effec ...[more]

PMID: 25047075

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Project description:Through chemical contamination of natural environments, microbial communities are exposed to many different types of chemical stressors; however, research on whole genome responses to this contaminant stress is limited. This study examined the transcriptome response of a common soil bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to the common environmental contaminant pentachlorophenol (PCP). Cells were grown in chemostats at a low growth rate to obtain substrate-limited, steady-state, balanced-growth conditions. The PCP stress was administered as a continuous increase in concentration, and samples taken over time were examined for physiological function changes with whole cell acetate uptake rates (WAUR) and cell viability, and for gene expression changes using Affymetrix GeneChip technology and RT-PCR. Cell viability, measured by heterotrophic plate counts, showed a moderately steady decrease after exposure to the stressor, but WAURs did not change in response to PCP. In contrast to the physiological data, the microarray data showed significant changes in the expression of several genes. In particular, genes coding for multi-drug efflux pumps, including MexAB-OprM, were strongly upregulated. The upregulation of these efflux pumps protected the cells from the potentially toxic effects of PCP, allowing the physiological whole-cell function to remain constant. Experiment Overall Design: Cells of P. aeruginosa were grown in steady-state nutrient-limiting conditions using a minimal medium with acetate as the sole carbon source. PCP was added as a continuous input, and the samples were taken at timepoints corresponding to approximately 0.5, 1, and 2 generation times. Reactors were run at least in triplicate, and samples from duplicate WT reactors and a single RpoS- reactor were used for the microarrays. Gene expression is reported as the average fold-change associated with gene expression of PCP-shocked cells compared with the pre-PCP timepoint (0 hours) for the WT.

Dataset Information

A peptide of heparin cofactor II inhibits endotoxin-mediated shock and invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Publications

A peptide of heparin cofactor II inhibits endotoxin-mediated shock and invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

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