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Chromatin properties of regulatory DNA probed by manipulation of transcription factors.

ABSTRACT: Transcription factors (TFs) bind to DNA and regulate the transcription of nearby genes. However, only a small fraction of TF binding sites have such regulatory effects. Here we search for the predictors of functional binding sites by carrying out a systematic computational screening of a variety of contextual factors (histone modifications, nuclear lamin-bindings, and cofactor bindings). We used regression analysis to test if contextual factors are associated with upregulation or downregulation of neighboring genes following the induction or knockdown of the 9 TFs in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Functional TF binding sites appeared to be either active (i.e., bound by P300, CHD7, mediator, cohesin, and SWI/SNF) or repressed (i.e., with H3K27me3 histone marks and bound by Polycomb factors). Active binding sites mediated the downregulation of nearby genes upon knocking down the activating TFs or inducing repressors. Repressed TF binding sites mediated the upregulation of nearby genes (e.g., poised developmental regulators) upon inducing TFs. In addition, repressed binding sites mediated repressive effects of TFs, identified by the downregulation of target genes after the induction of TFs or by the upregulation of target genes after the knockdown of TFs. The contextual factors associated with functions of DNA-bound TFs were used to improve the identification of candidate target genes regulated by TFs.

SUBMITTER: Sharov AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4115781 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chromatin properties of regulatory DNA probed by manipulation of transcription factors.

Sharov Alexei A AA Nishiyama Akira A Qian Yong Y Dudekula Dawood B DB Longo Dan L DL Schlessinger David D Ko Minoru S H MS

Journal of computational biology : a journal of computational molecular cell biology 20140611 8

Transcription factors (TFs) bind to DNA and regulate the transcription of nearby genes. However, only a small fraction of TF binding sites have such regulatory effects. Here we search for the predictors of functional binding sites by carrying out a systematic computational screening of a variety of contextual factors (histone modifications, nuclear lamin-bindings, and cofactor bindings). We used regression analysis to test if contextual factors are associated with upregulation or downregulation ...[more]

PMID: 24918633

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Project description:Alterations in genetic and epigenetic landscapes are known to contribute to the development of different types of cancer. However, the mechanistic links between transcription factors and the epigenome which coordinate the deregulation of gene networks during cell transformation are largely unknown.We used an isogenic model of stepwise tumorigenic transformation of human primary cells to monitor the progressive deregulation of gene networks upon immortalization and oncogene-induced transformation. We applied a systems biology approach by combining transcriptome and epigenome data for each step during transformation and integrated transcription factor-target gene associations in order to reconstruct the gene regulatory networks that are at the basis of the transformation process.We identified 142 transcription factors and 24 chromatin remodelers/modifiers (CRMs) which are preferentially associated with specific co-expression pathways that originate from deregulated gene programming during tumorigenesis. These transcription factors are involved in the regulation of divers processes, including cell differentiation, the immune response, and the establishment/modification of the epigenome. Unexpectedly, the analysis of chromatin state dynamics revealed patterns that distinguish groups of genes which are not only co-regulated but also functionally related. Decortication of transcription factor targets enabled us to define potential key regulators of cell transformation which are engaged in RNA metabolism and chromatin remodeling.We reconstructed gene regulatory networks that reveal the alterations occurring during human cellular tumorigenesis. Using these networks we predicted and validated several transcription factors as key players for the establishment of tumorigenic traits of transformed cells. Our study suggests a direct implication of CRMs in oncogene-induced tumorigenesis and identifies new CRMs involved in this process. This is the first comprehensive view of the gene regulatory network that is altered during the process of stepwise human cellular tumorigenesis in a virtually isogenic system.

Dataset Information

Chromatin properties of regulatory DNA probed by manipulation of transcription factors.

Publications

Chromatin properties of regulatory DNA probed by manipulation of transcription factors.

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