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Androgen receptor enhances kidney stone-CaOx crystal formation via modulation of oxalate biosynthesis & oxidative stress.

ABSTRACT: Males develop kidney stones far more frequently than females with a ratio of 2-3:1, suggesting that androgen receptor (AR) signaling might play a key role in the development of nephrolithiasis. Using the cre-loxP system to selectively knock out AR in glyoxylate-induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal mouse models, we found that the mice lacking hepatic AR had less oxalate biosynthesis, which might lead to lower CaOx crystal formation, and that the mice lacking kidney proximal or distal epithelial AR also had lower CaOx crystal formation. We found that AR could directly up-regulate hepatic glycolate oxidase and kidney epithelial NADPH oxidase subunit p22-PHOX at the transcriptional level. This up-regulation might then increase oxalate biosynthesis and oxidative stress that resulted in induction of kidney tubular injury. Targeting AR with the AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 led to suppression of CaOx crystal formation via modulation of oxalate biosynthesis and oxidative stress in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Taken together, these results established the roles of AR in CaOx crystal formation.

SUBMITTER: Liang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4116591 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Androgen receptor enhances kidney stone-CaOx crystal formation via modulation of oxalate biosynthesis & oxidative stress.

Liang Liang L Li Lei L Tian Jing J Lee Soo Ok SO Dang Qiang Q Huang Chiung-Kuei CK Yeh Shuyuan S Erturk Erdal E Bushinsky David D Chang Luke S LS He Dalin D Chang Chawnshang C

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 20140623 8

Males develop kidney stones far more frequently than females with a ratio of 2-3:1, suggesting that androgen receptor (AR) signaling might play a key role in the development of nephrolithiasis. Using the cre-loxP system to selectively knock out AR in glyoxylate-induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal mouse models, we found that the mice lacking hepatic AR had less oxalate biosynthesis, which might lead to lower CaOx crystal formation, and that the mice lacking kidney proximal or distal epithelial ...[more]

PMID: 24956378

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Project description:Introduction: About 1 in 11 Americans will experience a kidney stone, but underlying causes remain obscure. The objective of the present study was to separate idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers by whether or not they showed positive evidence of forming a stone on Randall's plaque (RP). Materials and Methods: In patients undergoing either percutaneous or ureteroscopic procedures for kidney stone removal, all stone material was extracted and analyzed using micro-CT imaging to identify those attached to RP. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected weeks after the stone removal procedure and patients were off of medications that would affect urine composition. The endoscopic video was analyzed for papillary pathology (RP, pitting, plugging, dilated ducts, and loss of papillary shape) by an observer blinded to the data on stone type. The percent papillary area occupied by RP and ductal plugging was quantified using image analysis software. Results: Patients having even one stone on RP (N = 36) did not differ from non-RP patients (N = 37) in age, sex, BMI, or other clinical characteristics. Compared with the non-RP group, RP stone formers had more numerous, but smaller, stones, more abundant papillary RP formation, and fewer ductal plugs, both by quantitative measurement of surface area (on average, three times more plaque area, but only 41% as much plug area as in non-RP patients) and by semiquantitative visual grading. Serum and blood values did not differ between RP and non-RP stone formers by any measure. Conclusions: Growth of many small stones on plaque seems the pathogenetic scheme for the RP stone-forming phenotype, whereas the non-RP phenotype stone pathogenesis pathway is less obvious. Higher papillary plugging in non-RP patients suggests that plugs play a role in stone formation and that these patients have a greater degree of papillary damage. Underlying mechanisms that create these distinctive phenotypes are presently unknown.

Dataset Information

Androgen receptor enhances kidney stone-CaOx crystal formation via modulation of oxalate biosynthesis & oxidative stress.

Publications

Androgen receptor enhances kidney stone-CaOx crystal formation via modulation of oxalate biosynthesis & oxidative stress.

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