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Establishment of Gastrointestinal Epithelial Organoids.

ABSTRACT: The intestinal epithelium constitutes a system of constant and rapid renewal triggered by proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and is an ideal system for studying cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Primary cell cultures have proven to be promising for unraveling the mechanisms involved in epithelium homeostasis. In 2009, Sato et al. established a long-term primary culture to generate epithelial organoids (enteroids) with crypt- and villus-like epithelial domains representing the complete census of progenitors and differentiated cells. Similarly, isolated ISCs expressing Lgr5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor) can generate enteroids. Here, we describe methods to establish gastric, small intestinal, and colonic epithelial organoids and generate Lgr5(+ve) single cell-derived epithelial organoids. We also describe the imaging techniques used to characterize those organoids. This in vitro model constitutes a powerful tool for studying stem cell biology and intestinal epithelial cell physiology throughout the digestive tract. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:217-240 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

SUBMITTER: Mahe MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4120977 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Establishment of Gastrointestinal Epithelial Organoids.

Mahe Maxime M MM Aihara Eitaro E Schumacher Michael A MA Zavros Yana Y Montrose Marshall H MH Helmrath Michael A MA Sato Toshiro T Shroyer Noah F NF

Current protocols in mouse biology 20131219 4

The intestinal epithelium constitutes a system of constant and rapid renewal triggered by proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and is an ideal system for studying cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Primary cell cultures have proven to be promising for unraveling the mechanisms involved in epithelium homeostasis. In 2009, Sato et al. established a long-term primary culture to generate epithelial organoids (enteroids) with crypt- and villus-like epithelial domains repres ...[more]

PMID: 25105065

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Project description:BackgroundTear deficiency due to lacrimal gland (LG) dysfunction is one of the major causes of dry eye disease (DED). Therefore, LG stem cell-based therapies have been extensively reported to regenerate injured lacrimal tissue; however, the number of stem cells in the LG tissue is low, and 2D long-term cultivation reduces the differentiation capacity of stem cells. Nevertheless, 3D LG organoids could be an alternative for a DED therapy because it is capable of prolonged growth while maintaining the characteristics of the LG tissue. Here, we report the development of LG organoids and their application as cell therapeutics.MethodsDigested cells from human LG tissue were mixed with Matrigel and cultured in five different media modified from human prostate/salivary organoid culture media. After organoid formation, the growth, specific marker expression, and histological characteristics were analyzed to authenticate the formation of LG organoids. The secretory function of LG organoids was confirmed through calcium influx or proteomics analysis after pilocarpine treatment. To explore the curability of the developed organoids, mouse-derived LG organoids were fabricated and transplanted into the lacrimal tissue of a mouse model of DED.ResultsThe histological features and specific marker expression of LG organoids were similar to those of normal LG tissue. In the pilocarpine-treated LG organoid, levels of internal Ca2+ ions and β-hexosaminidase, a lysosomal protein in tear fluid, were increased. In addition, the secreted proteins from pilocarpine-treated lacrimal organoids were identified through proteomics. More than 70% of the identified proteins were proven to exosome through gene ontology analysis. These results indicate that our developed organoid was pilocarpine reactive, demonstrating the function of LG. Additionally, we developed LG organoids from patients with Sjogren's syndrome patients (SS) and confirmed that their histological features were similar to those of SS-derived LG tissue. Finally, we confirmed that the mouse LG organoids were well engrafted in the lacrimal tissue two weeks after transplantation.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the established LG organoids resemble the characteristics of normal LG tissue and may be used as a therapy for patients with DED.

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Establishment of Gastrointestinal Epithelial Organoids.

Publications

Establishment of Gastrointestinal Epithelial Organoids.

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