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Glucosamine increases the expression of YKL-40 and osteogenic marker genes in hMSC during osteogenic differentiation

ABSTRACT: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can be expanded in vitro and differentiated towards osteogenic, chondrogenic or adipogenic lineages, making them an attractive source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Chitinase-like-proteins (CLPs) belong to the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases and are believed to play a role in inflammation and tissue remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the aminosugar glucosamine on the expression of the CLP YKL-40 during osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. Glucosamine did not affect multipotency of hMSC nor proliferation rate of undifferentiated hMSC. YKL-40 was expressed during both expansion of undifferentiated hMSC and during osteogenic differentiation. A slight but nonsignificant increase in YKL-40 expression was observed with glucosamine, accompanied by a pH-dependent delay in mineralization. However, glucosamine induced higher expression of osteogenic marker genes.

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Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659-012-0017-0 and is accessible for authorized users.

SUBMITTER: Lieder R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4131584 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Widespread implementation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical settings requires improved accuracy for diagnosis of prodromal disease and for distinguishing AD from non-AD dementias. Novel and promising CSF biomarkers include neurogranin, a marker of synaptic degeneration, and YKL-40, a marker of neuroinflammation.CSF neurogranin and YKL-40 were measured in a cohort of 338 individuals including cognitively healthy controls and patients with stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI), MCI who later developed AD (MCI-AD), AD dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), vascular dementia (VaD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The diagnostic accuracy of neurogranin and YKL-40 were compared with the core AD biomarkers, β-amyloid (Aβ42 and Aβ40) and tau.Neurogranin levels were increased in AD and decreased in non-AD dementia compared with healthy controls. As a result, AD patients showed considerably higher CSF levels of neurogranin than DLB/PDD, VaD and FTD patients. CSF YKL-40 levels were increased in AD compared with DLB/PDD but not with VaD or FTD. Neither CSF neurogranin nor YKL-40 levels differed significantly between sMCI patients and MCI-AD patients. Both biomarkers correlated positively with CSF Aβ40 and tau. CSF neurogranin and YKL-40 could separate AD dementia from non-AD dementias (neurogranin, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.761; YKL-40, AUC = 0.604; Aβ42/neurogranin, AUC = 0.849; Aβ42/YKL-40, AUC = 0.785), but the diagnostic accuracy was not better compared to CSF Aβ and tau (Aβ42, AUC = 0.755; tau AUC = 0.858; Aβ42/tau, AUC = 0.895; Aβ42/Aβ40, AUC = 0.881). Similar results were obtained when separating sMCI from MCI-AD cases.CSF neurogranin and YKL-40 do not improve the diagnostic accuracy of either prodromal AD or AD dementia when compared to the core CSF AD biomarkers. Nevertheless, the CSF level of neurogranin is selectively increased in AD dementia, whereas YKL-40 is increased in both AD and FTD suggesting that synaptic degeneration and glial activation may be important in these neurodegenerative conditions.

Dataset Information

Glucosamine increases the expression of YKL-40 and osteogenic marker genes in hMSC during osteogenic differentiation

Electronic Supplementary Material

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