Dataset Information

Estimation of the RNU2 macrosatellite mutation rate by BRCA1 mutation tracing.

ABSTRACT: Large tandem repeat sequences have been poorly investigated as severe technical limitations and their frequent absence from the genome reference hinder their analysis. Extensive allelotyping of this class of variation has not been possible until now and their mutational dynamics are still poorly known. In order to estimate the mutation rate of a macrosatellite, we analysed in detail the RNU2 locus, which displays at least 50 different alleles containing 5-82 copies of a 6.1 kb repeat unit. Mining data from the 1000 Genomes Project allowed us to precisely estimate copy numbers of the RNU2 repeat unit using read depth of coverage. This further revealed significantly different mean values in various recent modern human populations, favoring a scenario of fast evolution of this locus. Its proximity to a disease gene with numerous founder mutations, BRCA1, within the same linkage disequilibrium block, offered the unique opportunity to trace RNU2 arrays over a large timescale. Analysis of the transmission of RNU2 arrays associated with one 'private' mutation in an extended kindred and four founder mutations in multiple kindreds gave an estimation by maximum likelihood of 5 × 10(-3) mutations per generation, which is close to that of microsatellites.

SUBMITTER: Tessereau C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4132748 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Estimation of the RNU2 macrosatellite mutation rate by BRCA1 mutation tracing.

Tessereau Chloé C Lesecque Yann Y Monnet Nastasia N Buisson Monique M Barjhoux Laure L Léoné Mélanie M Feng Bingjian B Goldgar David E DE Sinilnikova Olga M OM Mousset Sylvain S Duret Laurent L Mazoyer Sylvie S

Nucleic acids research 20140717 14

Large tandem repeat sequences have been poorly investigated as severe technical limitations and their frequent absence from the genome reference hinder their analysis. Extensive allelotyping of this class of variation has not been possible until now and their mutational dynamics are still poorly known. In order to estimate the mutation rate of a macrosatellite, we analysed in detail the RNU2 locus, which displays at least 50 different alleles containing 5-82 copies of a 6.1 kb repeat unit. Minin ...[more]

PMID: 25034697

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Project description:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants are widely used in evolutionary genetics as markers for population history and to estimate divergence times among taxa. Inferences of species history are generally based on phylogenetic comparisons, which assume that molecular evolution is clock-like. Between-species comparisons have also been used to estimate the mutation rate, using sites that are thought to evolve neutrally. We directly estimated the mtDNA mutation rate by scanning the mitochondrial genome of Drosophila melanogaster lines that had undergone approximately 200 generations of spontaneous mutation accumulation (MA). We detected a total of 28 point mutations and eight insertion-deletion (indel) mutations, yielding an estimate for the single-nucleotide mutation rate of 6.2 x 10(-8) per site per fly generation. Most mutations were heteroplasmic within a line, and their frequency distribution suggests that the effective number of mitochondrial genomes transmitted per female per generation is about 30. We observed repeated occurrences of some indel mutations, suggesting that indel mutational hotspots are common. Among the point mutations, there is a large excess of G-->A mutations on the major strand (the sense strand for the majority of mitochondrial genes). These mutations tend to occur at nonsynonymous sites of protein-coding genes, and they are expected to be deleterious, so do not become fixed between species. The overall mtDNA mutation rate per base pair per fly generation in Drosophila is estimated to be about 10x higher than the nuclear mutation rate, but the mitochondrial major strand G-->A mutation rate is about 70x higher than the nuclear rate. Silent sites are substantially more strongly biased towards A and T than nonsynonymous sites, consistent with the extreme mutation bias towards A+T. Strand-asymmetric mutation bias, coupled with selection to maintain specific nonsynonymous bases, therefore provides an explanation for the extreme base composition of the mitochondrial genome of Drosophila.

Dataset Information

Estimation of the RNU2 macrosatellite mutation rate by BRCA1 mutation tracing.

Publications

Estimation of the RNU2 macrosatellite mutation rate by BRCA1 mutation tracing.

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