Dataset Information

Quantitative analysis of mammalian GIRK2 channel regulation by G proteins, the signaling lipid PIP2 and Na+ in a reconstituted system.

ABSTRACT: GIRK channels control spike frequency in atrial pacemaker cells and inhibitory potentials in neurons. By directly responding to G proteins, PIP2 and Na(+), GIRK is under the control of multiple signaling pathways. In this study, the mammalian GIRK2 channel has been purified and reconstituted in planar lipid membranes and effects of G?, G??, PIP2 and Na(+) analyzed. G?? and PIP2 must be present simultaneously to activate GIRK2. Na(+) is not essential but modulates the effect of G?? and PIP2 over physiological concentrations. G?i1(GTP?S) has no effect, whereas G?i1(GDP) closes the channel through removal of G??. In the presence of G??, GIRK2 opens as a function of PIP2 mole fraction with Hill coefficient 2.5 and an affinity that poises GIRK2 to respond to natural variations of PIP2 concentration. The dual requirement for G?? and PIP2 can help to explain why GIRK2 is activated by Gi/o, but not Gq coupled GPCRs.

SUBMITTER: Wang W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4135351 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Quantitative analysis of mammalian GIRK2 channel regulation by G proteins, the signaling lipid PIP2 and Na+ in a reconstituted system.

Wang Weiwei W Whorton Matthew R MR MacKinnon Roderick R

eLife 20140720

GIRK channels control spike frequency in atrial pacemaker cells and inhibitory potentials in neurons. By directly responding to G proteins, PIP2 and Na(+), GIRK is under the control of multiple signaling pathways. In this study, the mammalian GIRK2 channel has been purified and reconstituted in planar lipid membranes and effects of Gα, Gβγ, PIP2 and Na(+) analyzed. Gβγ and PIP2 must be present simultaneously to activate GIRK2. Na(+) is not essential but modulates the effect of Gβγ and PIP2 over ...[more]

PMID: 25049222

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Project description:Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) type-1 is associated with loss-of-function mutations in KCNJ2 gene. KCNJ2 encodes the tetrameric inward-rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1, important to the resting phase of the cardiac action potential. Kir-channels' activity requires interaction with the agonist phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Two mutations were identified in ATS patients, V77E in the cytosolic N-terminal "slide helix" and M307V in the C-terminal cytoplasmic gate structure "G-loop." Current recordings in Kir2.1-expressing HEK cells showed that each of the two mutations caused Kir2.1 loss-of-function. Biotinylation and immunostaining showed that protein expression and trafficking of Kir2.1 to the plasma membrane were not affected by the mutations. To test the functional effect of the mutants in a heterozygote set, Kir2.1 dimers were prepared. Each dimer was composed of two Kir2.1 subunits joined with a flexible linker (i.e. WT-WT, WT dimer; WT-V77E and WT-M307V, mutant dimer). A tetrameric assembly of Kir2.1 is expected to include two dimers. The protein expression and the current density of WT dimer were equally reduced to ~25% of the WT monomer. Measurements from HEK cells and Xenopus oocytes showed that the expression of either WT-V77E or WT-M307V yielded currents of only about 20% compared to the WT dimer, supporting a dominant-negative effect of the mutants. Kir2.1 sensitivity to PIP2 was examined by activating the PIP2 specific voltage-sensitive phosphatase (VSP) that induced PIP2 depletion during current recordings, in HEK cells and Xenopus oocytes. PIP2 depletion induced a stronger and faster decay in Kir2.1 mutant dimers current compared to the WT dimer. BGP-15, a drug that has been demonstrated to have an anti-arrhythmic effect in mice, stabilized the Kir2.1 current amplitude following VSP-induced PIP2 depletion in cells expressing WT or mutant dimers. This study underlines the implication of mutations in cytoplasmic regions of Kir2.1. A newly developed calibrated VSP activation protocol enabled a quantitative assessment of changes in PIP2 regulation caused by the mutations. The results suggest an impaired function and a dominant-negative effect of the Kir2.1 variants that involve an impaired regulation by PIP2. This study also demonstrates that BGP-15 may be beneficial in restoring impaired Kir2.1 function and possibly in treating ATS symptoms.

Dataset Information

Quantitative analysis of mammalian GIRK2 channel regulation by G proteins, the signaling lipid PIP2 and Na+ in a reconstituted system.

Publications

Quantitative analysis of mammalian GIRK2 channel regulation by G proteins, the signaling lipid PIP2 and Na+ in a reconstituted system.

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