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The role of RNA structure at 5' untranslated region in microRNA-mediated gene regulation.

ABSTRACT: Recent studies have suggested that the secondary structure of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA) is important for microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene regulation in humans. mRNAs that are targeted by miRNA tend to have a higher degree of local secondary structure in their 5' UTR; however, the general role of the 5' UTR in miRNA-mediated gene regulation remains unknown. We systematically surveyed the secondary structure of 5' UTRs in both plant and animal species and found a universal trend of increased mRNA stability near the 5' cap in mRNAs that are regulated by miRNA in animals, but not in plants. Intra-genome comparison showed that gene expression level, GC content of the 5' UTR, number of miRNA target sites, and 5' UTR length may influence mRNA structure near the 5' cap. Our results suggest that the 5' UTR secondary structure performs multiple functions in regulating post-transcriptional processes. Although the local structure immediately upstream of the start codon is involved in translation initiation, RNA structure near the 5' cap site, rather than the structure of the full-length 5' UTR sequences, plays an important role in miRNA-mediated gene regulation.

SUBMITTER: Gu W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4138320 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The role of RNA structure at 5' untranslated region in microRNA-mediated gene regulation.

Gu Wanjun W Xu Yuming Y Xie Xueying X Wang Ting T Ko Jae-Hong JH Zhou Tong T

RNA (New York, N.Y.) 20140707 9

Recent studies have suggested that the secondary structure of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA) is important for microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene regulation in humans. mRNAs that are targeted by miRNA tend to have a higher degree of local secondary structure in their 5' UTR; however, the general role of the 5' UTR in miRNA-mediated gene regulation remains unknown. We systematically surveyed the secondary structure of 5' UTRs in both plant and animal species and found a un ...[more]

PMID: 25002673

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Project description:Enteroviral RNA genomes share a long, highly structured 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) containing a type I internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The 5' UTR is composed of stably folded RNA domains connected by unstructured RNA regions. Proper folding and functioning of the 5' UTR underlies the efficiency of viral replication and also determines viral virulence. We have characterized the structure of 5' UTR genomic RNA from coxsackievirus B3 using selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) and base-specific chemical probes in solution. Our results revealed novel structural features, including realignment of major domains, newly identified long-range interactions, and an intrinsically disordered connecting region. Together, these newly identified features contribute to a model for enteroviral 5' UTRs with type I IRES elements that links structure to function during the hierarchical processes directed by genomic RNA during viral infection.IMPORTANCE Enterovirus infections are responsible for human diseases, including myocarditis, pancreatitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and poliomyelitis. The virulence of these viruses depends on efficient recognition of the RNA genome by a large family of host proteins and protein synthesis factors, which in turn relies on the three-dimensional folding of the first 750 nucleotides of the molecule. Structural information about this region of the genome, called the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR), is needed to assist in the process of vaccine and antiviral development. This work presents a model for the structure of the enteroviral 5' UTR. The model includes an RNA element called an intrinsically disordered RNA region (IDRR). Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are well known, but correlates in RNA have not been proposed. The proposed IDRR is a 20-nucleotide region, long known for its functional importance, where structural flexibility helps explain recognition by factors controlling multiple functional states.

Dataset Information

The role of RNA structure at 5' untranslated region in microRNA-mediated gene regulation.

Publications

The role of RNA structure at 5' untranslated region in microRNA-mediated gene regulation.

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