Dataset Information

The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The microbiota of the nares has been widely studied. However, relatively few studies have investigated the microbiota of the nasal cavity posterior to the nares. This distinct environment has the potential to contain a distinct microbiota and play an important role in health. RESULTS: We obtained 35,142 high-quality bacterial 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequence reads from the nasal cavity and oral cavity (the dorsum of the tongue and the buccal mucosa) of 12 healthy adult humans and deposited these data in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (Bioproject: PRJNA248297). In our initial analysis, we compared the bacterial communities of the nasal cavity and the oral cavity from ten of these subjects. The nasal cavity bacterial communities were dominated by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria and were statistically distinct from those on the tongue and buccal mucosa. For example, the same Staphylococcaceae operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was present in all of the nasal cavity samples, comprising up to 55% of the community, but Staphylococcaceae was comparatively uncommon in the oral cavity. CONCLUSIONS: There are clear differences between nasal cavity microbiota and oral cavity microbiota in healthy adults. This study expands our knowledge of the nasal cavity microbiota and the relationship between the microbiota of the nasal and oral cavities.

SUBMITTER: Bassis CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4138944 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults.

Bassis Christine M CM Tang Alice L AL Young Vincent B VB Pynnonen Melissa A MA

Microbiome 20140811

<h4>Background</h4>The microbiota of the nares has been widely studied. However, relatively few studies have investigated the microbiota of the nasal cavity posterior to the nares. This distinct environment has the potential to contain a distinct microbiota and play an important role in health.<h4>Results</h4>We obtained 35,142 high-quality bacterial 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequence reads from the nasal cavity and oral cavity (the dorsum of the tongue and the buccal mucosa) of 12 healthy adult hu ...[more]

PMID: 25143824

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Project description:PurposeVirtual surgery planning based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of nasal airflow has the potential to improve surgical outcomes for patients with nasal airway obstruction (NAO). Virtual surgery planning requires normative ranges of airflow variables, but few studies to date have quantified inter-individual variability of nasal airflow among healthy subjects. This study reports CFD simulations of nasal airflow in 47 healthy adults.MethodsAnatomically accurate three-dimensional nasal models were reconstructed from cone beam computed tomography scans and used for steady-state inspiratory airflow simulations with a bilateral flowrate of 250 ml/s. Normal subjective sensation of nasal patency was confirmed using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation and visual analog scale. Healthy ranges for several CFD variables known to correlate with subjective nasal patency were computed, including unilateral airflow, nasal resistance, airspace minimal cross-sectional area (mCSA), heat flux (HF), and surface area stimulated by mucosal cooling (defined as the area where HF > 50 W/m2). The normative ranges were targeted to contain 95% of the healthy population and computed using a nonparametric method based on order statistics.ResultsA wide range of inter-individual variability in nasal airflow was observed among healthy subjects. Unilateral airflow varied from 60 to 191 ml/s, airflow partitioning ranged from 23.8 to 76.2%, and unilateral mCSA varied from 0.24 to 1.21 cm2. These ranges are in good agreement with rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry data from the literature. A key innovation of this study are the normative ranges of flow variables associated with mucosal cooling, which recent research suggests is the primary physiological mechanism of nasal airflow sensation. Unilateral HF ranged from 94 to 281 W/m2, while the surface area stimulated by cooling ranged from 27.4 to 64.3 cm2.ConclusionsThese normative ranges may serve as targets in future virtual surgery planning for patients with NAO.

Project description:Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods have been used to identify a diverse ocular surface (OS) microbiota in humans. These results have highlighted limitations in microbial detection via traditional culture-based techniques. The OS has mechanisms such as tear film and mechanical blinking, which may aid in preventing adherence and colonization of microbes, suggesting that only low populations of microbes may reside on the OS. Additionally, closely related tissues to the OS are exposed to a similar array of microbes, but demonstrate different defense mechanisms. Information regarding concordance of microbial communities of the OS and nearby tissues is lacking. Our study purposes were to (1) characterize the conjunctival microbiota of healthy dogs, (2) compare the conjunctival microbiota to the periocular haired skin and distal nose, and (3) compare the bacteria identified by culture to NGS of the healthy canine conjunctiva. Here, NGS was used to evaluate samples from 25 healthy adult dogs of the conjunctiva, periocular haired skin, and distal nose. Additional samples were collected from each dog for traditional conjunctival culture. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries were evaluated for coverage, relative abundance, richness, and diversity. Site-dependent similarities evaluated using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and PERMANOVA demonstrated relatedness in community compositions between sites. The conjunctiva of healthy dogs yielded a rich and diverse microbiota based on NGS. While some regional continuity was noted, microbial communities of the conjunctiva, periocular haired skin, and nose were significantly different from each other. Comparatively, traditional culture markedly underestimated the number of bacterial taxa present on the healthy canine OS. Findings suggest similarities in nasal and conjunctival microbial communities, which may be a result of similarities in mucosal immunity and anatomic connection via the nasolacrimal system. Further investigation using NGS into changes of the composition of bacterial communities in disease is warranted.

Dataset Information

The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults.

Publications

The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults.

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