Dataset Information

Chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors in 12 regions of the Russian Federation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Estimation suggests that at least 4 million people die, annually, as a result of chronic respiratory disease (CRD). The Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) was formed following a mandate from the World Health Assembly to address this serious and growing health problem.

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of CRD in Russian symptomatic patients and to evaluate the frequency of major risk factors for CRD in Russia.

Methods

A cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study using the GARD questionnaire on adults from 12 regions of the Russian Federation. Common respiratory symptoms and risk factors were recorded. Spirometry was performed in respondents with suspected CRD. Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic bronchitis (CB) were defined by the presence of related symptoms according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma and the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines; asthma was defined based on disease symptoms; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was defined as a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume per 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7 in symptomatic patients, following the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines.

Results

The number of questionnaires completed was 7,164 (mean age 43.4 years; 57.2% female). The prevalence of asthma symptoms was 25.7%, AR 18.2%, and CB 8.6%. Based on patient self-reported diagnosis, 6.9% had asthma, 6.5% AR, and 22.2% CB. The prevalence of COPD based on spirometry in patients with respiratory symptoms was estimated as 21.8%.

Conclusion

The prevalence of respiratory diseases and risk factors was high in Russia when compared to available data. For bronchial asthma and AR, the prevalence for related symptoms was higher than self-reported previous diagnosis.

SUBMITTER: Chuchalin AG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4166963 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:African swine fever (ASF) is an incurable viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. A large-scale spread of ASF began in Eurasia in 2007 and has affected territories from Belgium to the Far East, occurring as both local- and regional-level epidemics. In 2020, a massive ASF epidemic emerged in the southeastern region of European Russia in the Samara Oblast and included 41 outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs and 40 cases in wild boar. The Samara Oblast is characterized by a relatively low density of wild boar (0.04-0.05 head/km2) and domestic pigs (1.1-1.3 head/km2), with a high prevalence of small-scale productions (household farms). This study aims to understand the driving forces of the disease and perform a risk assessment for this region using complex epidemiological analyses. The socioeconomic and environmental factors of the ASF outbreak were explored using Generalized Linear Logistic Regression, where ASF infection status of the Samara Oblast districts was treated as a response variable. Presence of the virus in a district was found to be most significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the importation of live pigs from ASF-affected regions of Russia (OR = 371.52; 95% CI: 1.58-87290.57), less significantly (p < 0.1) associated with the density of smallholder farms (OR = 2.94; 0.82-10.59), volume of pork products' importation from ASF-affected regions of Russia (OR = 1.01; 1.00-1.02), summary pig population (OR = 1.01; 0.99-1.02), and insignificantly (p > 0.1) associated with presence of a common border with an ASF-affected region (OR = 89.2; 0.07-11208.64). No associations were found with the densities of pig and wild boar populations. The colocation analysis revealed no significant concentration of outbreaks in domestic pigs near cases in wild boar or vice versa. These results suggest that outbreaks notified in low biosecurity household farms were mainly associated with the transportation and trade of pigs and pork products from ASF-affected regions of Russia. The findings underline the importance of taking into account animal transportation data while conducting future studies to develop a risk map for the region and the rest of European Russia.

Project description:BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer in women of childbearing age worldwide. A substantial fraction of cervical cancer is associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and is preventable through vaccination and screening. The aim of the study is to describe geographic and epidemiologic trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Russia during 2007-2018.MethodsPublicly accessible data from the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute and the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation for 2007-2018 was used for this study. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates were analyzed using descriptive statistics and results were mapped to determine the geographic distribution. Potential contributing risk factors in the population were studied using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses.FindingsA total of 187,013 patients were diagnosed with cervical cancer in Russia between 2007 and 2018. The average age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) were 15.70/100,000 and 5.76/100,000 females, respectively, with a 27% increase in the incidence observed between 2007 and 2018. The highest ASIR was observed in the Far Eastern Federal District and the lowest in the Central Federal District. Multivariate model for cervical cancer ASIR showed that daily smoking (p = 0·0003) and syphilis (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with cervical cancer incidence.InterpretationThe incidence of cervical cancer in Russia is rising at a significant pace. This trend can in part be attributed to a lack of nationwide cervical cancer screening . The presented results are valuable for informing public health policy on HPV vaccinations, smoking prevention and cervical cancer screening as urgent interventions are needed to combat a troubling trend.FundingThis work was supported by the Cancer Research Society (CRS)-Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) Partnership Grant #25343 to Dr. Litvinov. Canadian Dermatology Foundation research grant to Dr. Litvinov, and by the Fonds de la recherche du Québec - Santé to Dr. Sasseville (#22648) and to Dr. Litvinov (#34753 and #36769). This research was further supported by the CIHR Catalyst Grant #428712 to Dr. Litvinov.