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Blood-gene expression reveals reduced circadian rhythmicity in individuals resistant to sleep deprivation.

ABSTRACT: To address whether changes in gene expression in blood cells with sleep loss are different in individuals resistant and sensitive to sleep deprivation.Blood draws every 4 h during a 3-day study: 24-h normal baseline, 38 h of continuous wakefulness and subsequent recovery sleep, for a total of 19 time-points per subject, with every 2-h psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) assessment when awake.Sleep laboratory.Fourteen subjects who were previously identified as behaviorally resistant (n = 7) or sensitive (n = 7) to sleep deprivation by PVT.Thirty-eight hours of continuous wakefulness.We found 4,481 unique genes with a significant 24-h diurnal rhythm during a normal sleep-wake cycle in blood (false discovery rate [FDR] < 5%). Biological pathways were enriched for biosynthetic processes during sleep. After accounting for circadian effects, two genes (SREBF1 and CPT1A, both involved in lipid metabolism) exhibited small, but significant, linear changes in expression with the duration of sleep deprivation (FDR < 5%). The main change with sleep deprivation was a reduction in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of expression of normally cycling probe sets. This reduction was noticeably higher in behaviorally resistant subjects than sensitive subjects, at any given P value. Furthermore, blood cell type enrichment analysis showed that the expression pattern difference between sensitive and resistant subjects is mainly found in cells of myeloid origin, such as monocytes.Individual differences in behavioral effects of sleep deprivation are associated with differences in diurnal amplitude of gene expression for genes that show circadian rhythmicity.

SUBMITTER: Arnardottir ES

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4173916 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blood-gene expression reveals reduced circadian rhythmicity in individuals resistant to sleep deprivation.

Arnardottir Erna S ES Nikonova Elena V EV Shockley Keith R KR Podtelezhnikov Alexei A AA Anafi Ron C RC Tanis Keith Q KQ Maislin Greg G Stone David J DJ Renger John J JJ Winrow Christopher J CJ Pack Allan I AI

Sleep 20141001 10

<h4>Study objectives</h4>To address whether changes in gene expression in blood cells with sleep loss are different in individuals resistant and sensitive to sleep deprivation.<h4>Design</h4>Blood draws every 4 h during a 3-day study: 24-h normal baseline, 38 h of continuous wakefulness and subsequent recovery sleep, for a total of 19 time-points per subject, with every 2-h psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) assessment when awake.<h4>Setting</h4>Sleep laboratory.<h4>Participants</h4>Fourteen subje ...[more]

PMID: 25197809

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Project description:To address whether changes in gene expression in blood cells with sleep loss are different in individuals resistant and sensitive to sleep deprivation (SD). Blood draws every 4 hours during a 3-day study: 24-hour normal baseline, 38 hours of continuous wakefulness and subsequent recovery sleep, for a total of 19 time-points per subject, with every 2-hr psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) assessment when awake. Fourteen subjects who were previously identified as behaviourally resistant (n=7) or sensitive (n=7) to SD by PVT. Intervention consisted of 38 hours continuous wakefulness. We found 4,481 unique genes with a significant 24-hour diurnal rhythm during a normal sleep-wake cycle in blood (false discovery rate [FDR] <5%). Biological pathways were enriched for biosynthetic processes during sleep. After accounting for circadian effects, two genes (SREBF1 and CPT1A, both involved in lipid metabolism) exhibited small, but significant, linear changes in expression with the duration of SD (FDR<5%). The main change with SD was a reduction in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of expression of normally cycling probe sets. This reduction was noticeably higher in behaviourally resistant subjects than sensitive subjects, at any given p-value. Furthermore, blood cell type enrichment analysis showed that the expression pattern difference between sensitive and resistant subjects is mainly found in cells of myeloid origin, such as monocytes. Individual differences in behavioural effects of sleep deprivation are associated with differences in diurnal amplitude of gene expression for genes that show circadian rhythmicity. Blood draws were done every 4 hours during a 3-day (+1 baseline day) study: 24-hour normal baseline (6 time points: day 1 8hr, 12hr, 16hr, 20hr, day 2 0hr, 4hr), 38 hours of continuous wakefulness (10 time points: day 2 8hr, 12hr, 16hr, 20hr, day 3 0hr, 4hr, 8hr, 12hr, 16hr, 20hr) and subsequent recovery sleep (3 time points: day 4 0hr, 4hr, 8hr), for a total of 19 time-points per subject, with every 2-hr psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) assessment when awake. The missing/failed samples were as following: Resistant subjects (total 10 samples): BH006 day 2 20hr, 12hr, BH003 day 2 12hr, 4hr, BH003 day 3 4hr, BH008 day 4 0hr, BH008 day 1 16hr, BH008 day 3 16hr 20hr, BH010 day 4 0hr; Sensitive subjects (total 7 samples): BH004 day 2 12hr and 1 more missing sample, BH026 day 2 4hr, BH007 day 2 20hr and 1 more missing sample, BH016 day 2 4hr, BH015 day 3 0hr.

Project description:BackgroundCognitive performance deteriorates during extended wakefulness and circadian phase misalignment, and some individuals are more affected than others. Whether performance is affected similarly across cognitive domains, or whether cognitive processes involving Executive Functions are more sensitive to sleep and circadian misalignment than Alertness and Sustained Attention, is a matter of debate.Methodology/principal findingsWe conducted a 2 × 12-day laboratory protocol to characterize the interaction of repeated partial and acute total sleep deprivation and circadian phase on performance across seven cognitive domains in 36 individuals (18 males; mean ± SD of age = 27.6 ± 4.0 years). The sample was stratified for the rs57875989 polymorphism in PER3, which confers cognitive susceptibility to total sleep deprivation. We observed a deterioration of performance during both repeated partial and acute total sleep deprivation. Furthermore, prior partial sleep deprivation led to poorer cognitive performance in a subsequent total sleep deprivation period, but its effect was modulated by circadian phase such that it was virtually absent in the evening wake maintenance zone, and most prominent during early morning hours. A significant effect of PER3 genotype was observed for Subjective Alertness during partial sleep deprivation and on n-back tasks with a high executive load when assessed in the morning hours during total sleep deprivation after partial sleep loss. Overall, however, Subjective Alertness and Sustained Attention were more affected by both partial and total sleep deprivation than other cognitive domains and tasks including n-back tasks of Working Memory, even when implemented with a high executive load.Conclusions/significanceSleep loss has a primary effect on Sleepiness and Sustained Attention with much smaller effects on challenging Working Memory tasks. These findings have implications for understanding how sleep debt and circadian rhythmicity interact to determine waking performance across cognitive domains and individuals.

Project description:BackgroundSleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairment is highly prevalent worldwide and has attracted widespread attention. The temporal and spatial oscillations of circadian genes are severely disturbed after SD, leading to a progressive loss of their physiological rhythms, which in turn affects memory function. However, there is a lack of research on the role of circadian genes and memory function after SD. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between circadian genes and memory function and provide potential therapeutic insights into the mechanism of SD-induced memory impairment.MethodsGene expression profiles of GSE33302 and GSE9442 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, both datasets were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to determine the overall gene changes in the hippocampus and brain after SD. A Gene Oncology (GO) analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis were employed to explore the genes related to circadian rhythm, with their relationship and importance determined through a correlation analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), respectively. The water maze experiments detected behavioral changes related to memory function in SD rats. The expression of circadian genes in several critical organs such as the brain, heart, liver, and lungs and their correlation with memory function was investigated using several microarrays. Finally, changes in the hippocampal immune environment after SD were analyzed using the CIBERSORT in R software.ResultsThe quality of the two datasets was very good. After SD, changes were seen primarily in genes related to memory impairment and immune function. Genes related to circadian rhythm were highly correlated with engagement in muscle structure development and circadian rhythm. Seven circadian genes showed their potential therapeutic value in SD. Water maze experiments confirmed that SD exacerbates memory impairment-related behaviors, including prolonged escape latencies and reduced numbers of rats crossing the platform. The expression of circadian genes was verified, while some genes were also significant in the heart, liver, and lungs. All seven circadian genes were also associated with memory markers in SD. The contents of four immune cells in the hippocampal immune environment changed after SD. Seven circadian genes were related to multiple immune cells.ConclusionsIn the present study, we found that SD leads to memory impairment accompanied by changes in circadian rhythm-related genes. Seven circadian genes play crucial roles in memory impairment after SD. Naïve B cells and follicular helper T cells are closely related to SD. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of memory impairment caused by SD.

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Blood-gene expression reveals reduced circadian rhythmicity in individuals resistant to sleep deprivation.

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Blood-gene expression reveals reduced circadian rhythmicity in individuals resistant to sleep deprivation.

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