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Molecular dynamics simulations indicate an induced-fit mechanism for LSD1/CoREST-H3-histone molecular recognition.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Lysine Specific Demethylase (LSD1 or KDM1A) in complex with its co-repressor protein CoREST catalyzes the demethylation of the H3 histone N-terminal tail and is currently one of the most promising epigenetic targets for drug discovery against cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Models of non-covalent binding, such as lock and key, induced-fit, and conformational selection could help explaining the molecular mechanism of LSD1/CoREST-H3-histone association, thus guiding drug discovery and design efforts. Here, we quantify the extent to which LSD1/CoREST substrate binding is consistent with these hypothetical models using LSD1/CoREST conformational ensembles obtained through extensive explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. RESULTS:We find that an induced-fit model is the most representative of LSD1/CoREST-H3-histone non-covalent binding and accounts for the local conformational changes occurring in the H3-histone binding site. We also show that conformational selection - despite in principle not ruled out by this finding - is minimal, and only relevant when global properties are considered, e.g. the nanoscale motion of the LSD1/CoREST clamp. CONCLUSION:The induced-fit mechanism revealed by our MD simulation study will aid the inclusion of protein dynamics for the discovery and design of LSD1 inhibitors targeting the H3-histone binding region. On a general basis, our study indicates the importance of using multiple metrics or selection schemes when testing alternative hypothetical mechanistic models of non-covalent binding.

SUBMITTER: Vellore NA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4175114 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular dynamics simulations indicate an induced-fit mechanism for LSD1/CoREST-H3-histone molecular recognition.

Vellore Nadeem A NA Baron Riccardo R

BMC biophysics 20131125 1

<h4>Background</h4>Lysine Specific Demethylase (LSD1 or KDM1A) in complex with its co-repressor protein CoREST catalyzes the demethylation of the H3 histone N-terminal tail and is currently one of the most promising epigenetic targets for drug discovery against cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Models of non-covalent binding, such as lock and key, induced-fit, and conformational selection could help explaining the molecular mechanism of LSD1/CoREST-H3-histone association, thus guiding drug ...[more]

PMID: 24274367

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Project description:BackgroundHistone demethylase, JMJD2A, specifically recognizes and binds to methylated lysine residues at histone H3 and H4 tails (especially trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4me3), trimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me3) and di,trimethylated H4K20 (H4K20me2, H4K20me3)) via its tandem tudor domains. Crystal structures of JMJD2A-tudor binding to H3K4me3 and H4K20me3 peptides are available whereas the others are not. Complete picture of the recognition of the four histone peptides by the tandem tudor domains yet remains to be clarified.Methodology/principal findingsWe report a detailed molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy analysis of the recognition of JMJD2A-tudor with four different histone tails. 25 ns fully unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for each of the bound and free structures. We investigate the important hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between the tudor domains and the peptide molecules and identify the critical residues that stabilize the complexes. Our binding free energy calculations show that H4K20me2 and H3K9me3 peptides have the highest and lowest affinity to JMJD2A-tudor, respectively. We also show that H4K20me2 peptide adopts the same binding mode with H4K20me3 peptide, and H3K9me3 peptide adopts the same binding mode with H3K4me3 peptide. Decomposition of the enthalpic and the entropic contributions to the binding free energies indicate that the recognition of the histone peptides is mainly driven by favourable van der Waals interactions. Residue decomposition of the binding free energies with backbone and side chain contributions as well as their energetic constituents identify the hotspots in the binding interface of the structures.ConclusionEnergetic investigations of the four complexes suggest that many of the residues involved in the interactions are common. However, we found two receptor residues that were related to selective binding of the H3 and H4 ligands. Modifications or mutations on one of these residues can selectively alter the recognition of the H3 tails or the H4 tails.

Project description:Flavin-dependent histone demethylases catalyze the posttranslational oxidative demethylation of mono- and dimethylated lysine residues, producing formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in addition to the corresponding demethylated protein. In vivo, histone demethylase LSD1 (KDM1; BCH110) is a component of the multiprotein complex that includes histone deacetylases (HDAC 1 and 2) and the scaffolding protein CoREST. Although little is known about the affinities of or the structural basis for the interaction between CoREST and HDACs, the structure of CoREST(286-482) bound to an α-helical coiled-coil tower domain within LSD1 has recently been reported. Given the significance of CoREST in directing demethylation to specific nucleosomal substrates, insight into the molecular basis of the interaction between CoREST and LSD1 may suggest a new means of inhibiting LSD1 activity by misdirecting the enzyme away from nucleosomal substrates. Toward this end, isothermal titration calorimetry studies were conducted to determine the affinity and thermodynamic parameters characterizing the binding interaction between LSD1 and CoREST(286-482). The proteins tightly interact in a 1:1 stoichiometry with a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 15.9 ± 2.07 nM, and their binding interaction is characterized by a favorable enthalpic contribution near room temperature with a smaller entropic penalty at pH 7.4. Additionally, one proton is transferred from the buffer to the heterodimeric complex at pH 7.4. From the temperature dependence of the enthalpy change of interaction, a constant-pressure heat capacity change (ΔC(p)) of the interaction was determined to be -0.80 ± 0.01 kcal mol(-1) K(-1). Notably, structure-driven truncation of CoREST revealed that the central binding determinant lies within the segment of residues 293-380, also known as the CoREST "linker" region, which is a central isolated helix that interacts with the LSD1 coiled-coil tower domain to create a triple-helical bundle. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from the binding between LSD1 and the linker region of CoREST are similar to those obtained from the interaction between LSD1 and CoREST(286-482). These results provide a framework for understanding the molecular basis of protein-protein interactions that govern nucleosomal demethylation.

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Molecular dynamics simulations indicate an induced-fit mechanism for LSD1/CoREST-H3-histone molecular recognition.

Publications

Molecular dynamics simulations indicate an induced-fit mechanism for LSD1/CoREST-H3-histone molecular recognition.

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