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State-Mandated Hospital Infection Reporting Is Not Associated With Decreased Pediatric Health Care-Associated Infections.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:State governments increasingly mandate public reporting of central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs). This study tests if hospitals located in states with state-mandated, facility-identified, pediatric-specific public CLABSI reporting have lower rates of CLABSIs as defined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Pediatric Quality Indicator 12 (PDI12). METHODS:Utilizing the Kids' Inpatient Databases from 2000 to 2009, we compared changes in PDI12 rates across three groups of states: states with public CLABSI reporting begun by 2006, states with public reporting begun by 2009 and never-reporting states. In the baseline period (2000-2003), no states mandated public CLABSI reporting. A multivariable, hospital-level random intercept, logistic regression was performed comparing changes in PDI12 rates in states with public reporting to changes in PDI12 rates in never-reporting states. RESULTS:4,705,857 discharge records were eligible for PDI12. PDI12 rates significantly decreased in all reporting groups, comparing baseline to the post-public reporting period (2009): Never Reporters 88% decrease (95% CI, 86%-89%), Reporting Begun by 2006 90% decrease (95% CI, 83%-94%), and Reporting Begun by 2009 74% decrease (95% CI, 72%-76%). The Never Reporting Group had comparable decreases in PDI12 rates to the Reporting Begun by 2006 group (P = 0.4) and significantly larger decreases in PDI12 rates compared to the Reporting Begun by 2009 group (P < 0.001), despite having no states with public reporting. CONCLUSIONS:Public CLABSI reporting alone appears to be insufficient to affect administrative data-based measures of pediatric CLABSI rates or children may be inadequately targeted in current public reporting efforts.

SUBMITTER: Rinke ML

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4177525 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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State-Mandated Hospital Infection Reporting Is Not Associated With Decreased Pediatric Health Care-Associated Infections.

Rinke Michael L ML Bundy David G DG Abdullah Fizan F Colantuoni Elizabeth E Zhang Yiyi Y Miller Marlene R MR

Journal of patient safety 20150901 3

<h4>Objectives</h4>State governments increasingly mandate public reporting of central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs). This study tests if hospitals located in states with state-mandated, facility-identified, pediatric-specific public CLABSI reporting have lower rates of CLABSIs as defined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Pediatric Quality Indicator 12 (PDI12).<h4>Methods</h4>Utilizing the Kids' Inpatient Databases from 2000 to 2009, we compared changes in PD ...[more]

PMID: 24681422

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Project description:ImportanceBeginning in 2013, New York State implemented regulations mandating that hospitals implement evidence-based protocols for sepsis management, as well as report data on protocol adherence and clinical outcomes to the state government. The association between these mandates and sepsis outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between New York State sepsis regulations and the outcomes of patients hospitalized with sepsis.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized with sepsis in New York State and in 4 control states (Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New Jersey) using all-payer hospital discharge data (January 1, 2011-September 30, 2015) and a comparative interrupted time series analytic approach.ExposuresHospitalization for sepsis before (January 1, 2011-March 31, 2013) vs after (April 1, 2013-September 30, 2015) implementation of the 2013 New York State sepsis regulations.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit admission rates, central venous catheter use, Clostridium difficile infection rates, and hospital length of stay.ResultsThe final analysis included 1 012 410 sepsis admissions to 509 hospitals. The mean age was 69.5 years (SD, 16.4 years) and 47.9% were female. In New York State and in the control states, 139 019 and 289 225 patients, respectively, were admitted before implementation of the sepsis regulations and 186 767 and 397 399 patients, respectively, were admitted after implementation of the sepsis regulations. Unadjusted 30-day in-hospital mortality was 26.3% in New York State and 22.0% in the control states before the regulations, and was 22.0% in New York State and 19.1% in the control states after the regulations. Adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics as well as preregulation temporal trends and season, mortality after implementation of the regulations decreased significantly in New York State relative to the control states (P = .02 for the joint test of the comparative interrupted time series estimates). For example, by the 10th quarter after implementation of the regulations, adjusted absolute mortality was 3.2% (95% CI, 1.0% to 5.4%) lower than expected in New York State relative to the control states (P = .004). The regulations were associated with no significant differences in intensive care unit admission rates (P = .09) (10th quarter adjusted difference, 2.8% [95% CI, -1.7% to 7.2%], P = .22), a significant relative decrease in hospital length of stay (P = .04) (10th quarter adjusted difference, 0.50 days [95% CI, -0.47 to 1.47 days], P = .31), a significant relative decrease in the C difficile infection rate (P < .001) (10th quarter adjusted difference, -1.8% [95% CI, -2.6% to -1.0%], P < .001), and a significant relative increase in central venous catheter use (P = .02) (10th quarter adjusted difference, 4.8% [95% CI, 2.3% to 7.4%], P < .001).Conclusions and relevanceIn New York State, mandated protocolized sepsis care was associated with a greater decrease in sepsis mortality compared with sepsis mortality in control states that did not implement sepsis regulations. Because baseline mortality rates differed between New York and comparison states, it is uncertain whether these findings are generalizable to other states.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent serious complications for patients within pediatric cardiac intensive care units (CICU). HAIs are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and resource utilization. There are few studies describing the epidemiology of HAIs across the entire spectrum of patients (surgical and nonsurgical) receiving care in dedicated pediatric CICUs. METHODS:Retrospective analyses of 22,839 CICU encounters from October 2013 to September 2016 across 22 North American CICUs contributing data to the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium clinical registry. RESULTS:HAIs occurred in 2.4% of CICU encounters at a rate of 3.3 HAIs/1000 CICU days, with 73% of HAIs occurring in children <1 year. Eighty encounters (14%) had ?2 HAIs. Aggregate rates for the 4 primary HAIs are as follows: central line-associated blood stream infection, 1.1/1000 line days; catheter-associated urinary tract infections, 1.5/1000 catheter days; ventilator-associated pneumonia, 1.9/1000 ventilator days; surgical site infections, 0.81/100 operations. Surgical and nonsurgical patients had similar HAIs rates/1000 CICU days. Incidence was twice as high in surgical encounters and increased with surgical complexity; postoperative infection occurred in 2.8% of encounters. Prematurity, younger age, presence of congenital anomaly, Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Mortality Categories (STAT) 4-5 surgery, admission with an active medical condition, open sternum and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were independently associated with HAIs. In univariable analysis, HAI was associated with longer hospital length of stay and durations of urinary catheter, central venous catheter and ventilation. Mortality was 24.4% in patients with HAIs versus 3.4% in those without, P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS:We provide comprehensive multicenter benchmark data regarding rates of HAIs within dedicated pediatric CICUs. We confirm that although rare, HAIs of all types are associated with significant resource utilization and mortality.

Project description:Knowledge of epidemiology is essential for guiding correct antibiotic prescription, reducing bacteremia-associated mortality, and implementing targeted infection control programs. However, only a few studies have reported on the epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatrics. We performed a retrospective analysis of all BSIs (excluding those caused by common skin contaminants) diagnosed from 2006 to 2022 in patients younger than 18 years who were treated at an Italian pediatric tertiary care hospital. Overall, 2395 BSIs were recorded, including 2207 (92.15%) due to bacteria and 188 (7.85%) due to fungi. The incidence rate (BSIs/10,000 hospital discharges, IR) of bacterial BSIs significantly increased during the study period. In particular, BSIs caused by S. aureus (including MRSA), Enterobacterales (including ESBL and AmpC producers), Enterococcus spp., and P. aeruginosa became more common. The frequency of carbapenem-resistant strains was <1% and stable over time. Conversely, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of BSIs due to S. pneumoniae. The BSIs were stratified by patient age, and S. aureus was the most frequent cause of BSIs in all age groups, while E. coli was the most frequent in the Enterobacterales family. S. agalactiae was the third most frequent cause of neonatal early-onset BSIs. The prevalence of Enterococcus spp. increased in the subgroups from 8 days to 5 years of age, while P. aeruginosa became more prevalent in children over 5 years of age. S. aureus was also the most frequent isolate in both community- and hospital-onset BSIs, followed by E. coli. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens was very low. It was <5% for both Gram-positive (i.e., MRSA and VRE) and Gram-negative (ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenem-resistant) pathogens, and MDR pathogens were almost exclusively detected in hospital-onset BSIs. Fungi accounted for just under 8% of BSIs. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated strain, followed by C. parapsilosis. Notably, the IR of fungemia did not change significantly during the study period, in spite of an increase in the absolute number of events. The continuous monitoring of local epidemiology is essential to identify changes in the IRs of pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility and to guide antibiotic treatments, especially in the phase when antibiograms are not yet available.

Dataset Information

State-Mandated Hospital Infection Reporting Is Not Associated With Decreased Pediatric Health Care-Associated Infections.

Publications

State-Mandated Hospital Infection Reporting Is Not Associated With Decreased Pediatric Health Care-Associated Infections.

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