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The balance of cell surface and soluble type III TGF-? receptor regulates BMP signaling in normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells.

ABSTRACT: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-? superfamily that are over-expressed in breast cancer, with context dependent effects on breast cancer pathogenesis. The type III TGF-? receptor (T?RIII) mediates BMP signaling. While T?RIII expression is lost during breast cancer progression, the role of T?RIII in regulating BMP signaling in normal mammary epithelium and breast cancer cells has not been examined. Restoring T?RIII expression in a 4T1 murine syngeneic model of breast cancer suppressed Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and inhibited the expression of the BMP transcriptional targets, Id1 and Smad6, in vivo. Similarly, restoring T?RIII expression in human breast cancer cell lines or treatment with sT?RIII inhibited BMP-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and BMP-stimulated migration and invasion. In normal mammary epithelial cells, shRNA-mediated silencing of T?RIII, T?RIII over-expression, or treatment with sT?RIII inhibited BMP-mediated phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and BMP induced migration. Inhibition of T?RIII shedding through treatment with TAPI-2 or expression of a non-shedding T?RIII mutant rescued T?RIII mediated inhibition of BMP induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and BMP induced migration and/or invasion in both in normal mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. Conversely, expression of a T?RIII mutant, which exhibited increased shedding, significantly reduced BMP-mediated Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, migration, and invasion. These data demonstrate that T?RIII regulates BMP-mediated signaling and biological effects, primarily through the ligand sequestration effects of sT?RIII in normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells and suggest that the ratio of membrane bound versus sT?RIII plays an important role in mediating these effects.

SUBMITTER: Gatza CE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4198744 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The balance of cell surface and soluble type III TGF-β receptor regulates BMP signaling in normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells.

Gatza Catherine E CE Elderbroom Jennifer L JL Oh Sun Young SY Starr Mark D MD Nixon Andrew B AB Blobe Gerard C GC

Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 20140601 6

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily that are over-expressed in breast cancer, with context dependent effects on breast cancer pathogenesis. The type III TGF-β receptor (TβRIII) mediates BMP signaling. While TβRIII expression is lost during breast cancer progression, the role of TβRIII in regulating BMP signaling in normal mammary epithelium and breast cancer cells has not been examined. Restoring TβRIII expression in a 4T1 murine syngeneic model of breast canc ...[more]

PMID: 25077702

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Project description:BackgroundAirway remodelling is thought to be under the control of a complex group of molecules belonging to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-superfamily. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to this family and have been shown to regulate fibrosis in kidney and liver diseases. However, the role of BMPs in lung remodelling remains unclear. BMPs may regulate tissue remodelling in asthma by controlling TGF-beta-induced profibrotic functions in lung fibroblasts.MethodsCell cultures were exposed to TGF-beta1 alone or in the presence of BMP-4 or BMP-7; control cultures were exposed to medium only. Cell proliferation was assessed by quantification of the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. The expression of the mRNA encoding collagen type I and IV, tenascin C and fibronectin in normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and the main results were confirmed by ELISA. Cell differentiation was determined by the analysis of the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was assessed by zymography.ResultsWe have demonstrated TGF-beta1 induced upregulation of mRNAs encoding the extracellular matrix proteins, tenascin C, fibronectin and collagen type I and IV when compared to unstimulated NHLF, and confirmed these results at the protein level. BMP-4, but not BMP-7, reduced TGF-beta1-induced extracellular matrix protein production. TGF-beta1 induced an increase in the activity of the pro-form of MMP-2 which was inhibited by BMP-7 but not BMP-4. Both BMP-4 and BMP-7 downregulated TGF-beta1-induced MMP-13 release compared to untreated and TGF-beta1-treated cells. TGF-beta1 also induced a myofibroblast-like transformation which was partially inhibited by BMP-7 but not BMP-4.ConclusionsOur study suggests that some regulatory properties of BMP-7 may be tissue or cell type specific and unveil a potential regulatory role for BMP-4 in the regulation of lung fibroblast function.

Dataset Information

The balance of cell surface and soluble type III TGF-? receptor regulates BMP signaling in normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells.

Publications

The balance of cell surface and soluble type III TGF-β receptor regulates BMP signaling in normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells.

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