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Morphology of floral papillae in Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (Orchidaceae).

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The labellar papillae and trichomes of Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. show great diversity. Although papillae also occur upon other parts of the flower (e.g. column and anther cap), these have not yet been studied. Labellar trichomes of Maxillaria are useful in taxonomy, but hitherto the taxonomic value of floral papillae has not been assessed. The aim of this paper is to describe the range of floral papillae found in Maxillaria and to determine whether papillae are useful as taxonomic characters. METHODS: Light microscopy, histochemistry, low-vacuum scanning and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: A total of 75 taxa were studied. Conical papillae with rounded or pointed tips were the most common. The column and anther cap usually bear conical, obpyriform or villiform papillae, whereas those around the stigmatic surface and at the base of the anther are often larger and swollen. Labellar papillae show greater diversity, and may be conical, obpyriform, villiform, fusiform or clavate. Papillae may also occur on multiseriate trichomes that perhaps function as pseudostamens. Labellar papillae contain protein but most lack lipid. The occurrence of starch, however, is more variable. Many papillae contain pigment or act as osmophores, thereby attracting insects. Rewards such as nectar or a protein-rich, wax-like, lipoidal substance may be secreted by papillae onto the labellar surface. Some papillae may have a protective role in preventing desiccation. Species of diverse vegetative morphology may have identical floral papillae, whereas others of similar vegetative morphology may not. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, floral papillae in Maxillaria have little taxonomic value. Nevertheless, the absence of papillae from members of the M. cucullata alliance, the occurrence of clavate papillae with distended apices in the M. rufescens alliance and the presence of papillose trichomes in some species may yet prove to be useful.

SUBMITTER: Davies KL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4242261 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Morphology of floral papillae in Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (Orchidaceae).

Davies K L KL Turner M P MP

Annals of botany 20031120 1

<h4>Background and aims</h4>The labellar papillae and trichomes of Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. show great diversity. Although papillae also occur upon other parts of the flower (e.g. column and anther cap), these have not yet been studied. Labellar trichomes of Maxillaria are useful in taxonomy, but hitherto the taxonomic value of floral papillae has not been assessed. The aim of this paper is to describe the range of floral papillae found in Maxillaria and to determine whether papillae are useful as ...[more]

PMID: 14630691

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Project description:Graphical abstract Highlights • The most active fraction of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav (FIV), originated from methanol extracts and wash benzene-soluble extracts, has diabetic wound healing activities on wounded hyperglycemia fibroblasts.• FIV ameliorates collagen deposition through decreasing p53 expressions, increasing αSMA, SOD1 and E-cadherin expressions.• FIV ameliorates wound closure through decreasing p53 expressions, increasing αSMA and E-cadherin expressions.• Fibroblasts can be used as a therapeutic target that mimics the condition of diabetic wounds at least in the 10th passage. Introduction Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav (P. crocatum) has been reported to accelerate the diabetic wound healing process empirically. Some studies showed the benefits of P. crocatum in treating various diseases but its mechanisms in diabetic wound healing have never been reported. In the present study we investigated the diabetic wound healing activity of the active fraction of P. crocatum on wounded hyperglycemia fibroblasts (wHFs). Methods Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed to get the most active fraction. The selected active fraction was applied to wHFs within 72 h incubation. Mimicking a diabetic condition was done using basal glucose media containing an additional 17 mMol/L D-glucose. A wound was simulated via the scratch assay. The collagen deposition was measured using Picro-Sirius Red and wound closure was measured using scratch wound assay. Underlying mechanisms through p53, αSMA, SOD1 and E-cadherin were measured using western blotting. Results We reported that FIV is the most active fraction of P. crocatum. We confirmed that FIV\(7.81 µg/ml, 15.62 µg/ml, 31.25 µg/ml, 62.5 µg/ml, and 125 µg/ml) induced the collagen deposition and wound closure of wHFs. Furthermore, FIV treatment (7.81 µg/ml, 15.62 µg/ml, 31.25 µg/ml) down-regulated the protein expression level of p53 and up-regulated the protein expression levels of αSMA, E-cadherin, and SOD1. Discussion/conclusions Our findings suggest that ameliorating collagen deposition and wound closure through protein regulation of p53, αSMA, E-cadherin, and SOD1 are some of the mechanisms by which FIV of P. crocatum is involved in diabetic wound healing therapy.

Dataset Information

Morphology of floral papillae in Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (Orchidaceae).

Publications

Morphology of floral papillae in Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (Orchidaceae).

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