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Acute effect of Ceylon cinnamon extract on postprandial glycemia: alpha-amylase inhibition, starch tolerance test in rats, and randomized crossover clinical trial in healthy volunteers.

ABSTRACT: Postprandial hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for the development of several health disorders including type 2 diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. One encouraging approach for a better control of postprandial glycemia is to reduce carbohydrate digestion. Cinnamon extracts have been known for managing blood glucose. However, their effects on inhibiting digestion of carbohydrate have been poorly analyzed to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a specific Ceylon cinnamon hydro-alcoholic extract (CCE) on carbohydrate digestion and post-meal blood glucose reduction.In vitro enzymatic assays and in vivo starch tolerance tests in rats were designed as preclinical assays. Then, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial was conducted in 18 healthy female and male volunteers. Following the intake of 1 g of CCE, the subjects ate a standardized meal. Blood samples were collected during the 2 hours following the meal to measure glucose and insulin concentrations. Areas under the curves were calculated and statistical differences between the CCE and placebo groups were analyzed using the Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon test.CCE has demonstrated in the in vitro study that it inhibited pancreatic alpha-amylase activity with an IC50 of 25 ?g/mL. In the in vivo study, CCE was shown to acutely reduce the glycemic response to starch in a dose-dependent manner in rats. This effect was significant from the dose of 12.5 mg/kg of body weight. In both, the in vitro and in vivo studies, the hydro-alcoholic extract has shown to be more efficacious than the aqueous extract. In the human clinical trial, 1 g of CCE lowered the area under the curve of glycemia between 0 and 120 min by 14.8% (P = 0.15) and between 0 and 60 min by 21.2% (P < 0.05) compared to the placebo. This effect occurred without stimulating insulin secretion. No adverse effects were reported.These results suggest that Ceylon cinnamon hydro-alcoholic extract (CCE) may provide a natural and safe solution for the reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia and therefore help to reduce the risks of developing metabolic disorders.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02074423 (26/02/2014).

SUBMITTER: Beejmohun V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4246455 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acute effect of Ceylon cinnamon extract on postprandial glycemia: alpha-amylase inhibition, starch tolerance test in rats, and randomized crossover clinical trial in healthy volunteers.

Beejmohun Vickram V Peytavy-Izard Marie M Mignon Cyril C Muscente-Paque Delphine D Deplanque Xavier X Ripoll Christophe C Chapal Nicolas N

BMC complementary and alternative medicine 20140923

<h4>Background</h4>Postprandial hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for the development of several health disorders including type 2 diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. One encouraging approach for a better control of postprandial glycemia is to reduce carbohydrate digestion. Cinnamon extracts have been known for managing blood glucose. However, their effects on inhibiting digestion of carbohydrate have been poorly analyzed to date. The aim of this study was to inv ...[more]

PMID: 25249234

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Project description:Tangzhiqing (TZQ), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat diabetes mellitus in China. TZQ works as a potential ?-glucosidase inhibitor to reduce the absorption of glucose from dietary carbohydrates. The main aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of TZQ on the common carbohydrates in healthy humans. Meanwhile, the possible types of the inhibited ?-glucosidase enzymes were predicted in this study. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, maltodextrin, and starch were chosen as investigated carbohydrates. The baseline incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and glycemic index (GI) values of the investigated carbohydrates were evaluated. Then, thirty-six subjects were randomly assigned to three groups to assess postprandial hypoglycemic effects of 3-, 6-, and 9-tablet TZQ. The subjects in each group were randomized to eight subgroups. An eight-period, eight-sequence, crossover design was performed to investigate the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of TZQ after drinking each carbohydrate. A significant decrease was observed on the postprandial glucose IAUCs (279.41?±?111.31 vs. 203.86?±?61.08) and GIs (124.91?±?48.54 vs. 91.69?±?27.47) of maltose after oral administration of 6-tablet TZQ, as well as IAUCs (145.05?±?55.01 vs. 110.23?±?57.03) and GIs (84.87?±?33.40 vs. 65.50?±?33.89) of sucrose after administration of 3-tablet TZQ. The glucose IAUCs (109.15?±?55.92 vs. 57.68?±?46.09) and GIs (49.09?±?25.15 vs. 25.94?±?20.73) of starch statistically reduced following the administration of 6-tablet TZQ. The lowering postprandial blood glucose effect of TZQ did not increase proportionally with increasing doses in humans. There were no significant changes in the glucose-lowering effect of glucose and maltodextrin after the administration of 3-, 6-, or 9-tablet TZQ, respectively. TZQ is a potential treatment for postprandial hyperglycemia, which can probably make ?-glucosidases inhibit maltase, sucrase, and ?-amylase in the digestive organs.

Project description:Ceylon cinnamon, which was regarded as a luxury spice during ancient times, has been consumed for its medicinal properties and health benefits for thousands of years. For centuries, Arabian traders controlled the European cinnamon trade through limited supplies from a country which they did not reveal. Content marketing analysis and chemical profiling of value-added products of Ceylon cinnamon in the global marketplace are proposed to investigate the clean status of the product labels. In the present study, a mixed-method approach was employed to investigate the labels of 6 types of value-added forms of cinnamon; i.e. quills, powder, tea, breakfast cereals, confectionery and bakery and nutraceuticals which are used in USA, UK, Mexico, Japan and products of Sri Lankan cinnamon exporters. Two hundred and seventy-six labels were analyzed to find out the aspects of clean status, transparency and authenticity. Key label claims of the cinnamon products lie within the bounds of cleaner, healthy, nutritional and sustainable attributes. Consumer perception lies within ingredients, nutritional value, country of origin and claim on safety and quality standards and certification. The value chain transparency, ethical rules (species mislabeling), and chemical profile of the pharmaceutical, confectionery and fragrance industry inputs were ignored. The best claim and competitive advantage of the Ceylon cinnamon; an ultra-low level (<0.01 mg/g Dry Weight) of Coumarin, were rarely indicated in labels. Lack of clean labels and traceability lagged Ceylon cinnamon in the 40 international markets while Cassia cinnamon (Coumarin content 2.23 mg/g DW), a major competitor of Ceylon cinnamon appears in the market with dirty labels. Millennials and upper-middle-class female consumers in their active ages, place a high demand on Ceylon cinnamon. Today's tech-savvy global consumers of Ceylon cinnamon use market intelligence frequently for identifying product authenticity. Well equipped clean labels were found to be demanded by the modern cinnamon consumers.

Dataset Information

Acute effect of Ceylon cinnamon extract on postprandial glycemia: alpha-amylase inhibition, starch tolerance test in rats, and randomized crossover clinical trial in healthy volunteers.

Publications

Acute effect of Ceylon cinnamon extract on postprandial glycemia: alpha-amylase inhibition, starch tolerance test in rats, and randomized crossover clinical trial in healthy volunteers.

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