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Cirrhosis and liver failure: expanding phenotype of Acid sphingomyelinase-deficient niemann-pick disease in adulthood.

ABSTRACT: Acid sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann-Pick disease (ASMD) includes the severe neuronopathic type A, the non-neuronopathic type B, and rare intermediate cases. Here we report on such an atypical type B patient who died at 31 years of age from liver failure. This male subject was first seen in a paediatric department at the age of 3 years because of significant hepatosplenomegaly. Foam cells in bone marrow, interstitial pneumonitis, a slight facial dysmorphy and normal psychomotor development were additional findings. Acid sphingomyelinase studies in lymphocytes (and later SMPD1 gene studies [c.151_154delGACT; c.1341-21_1341-18delAATG]) established the diagnosis of ASMD. Between the ages 6-27, he developed growth retardation, peripheral neuropathy, kyphoscoliosis, alopecia, and aortic valve insufficiency requiring valve replacement. Surgery for bilateral inguinal hernias was performed twice, when the patient was 10 and 21 years of age, respectively. At the age of 28, he was noted to have hepatosplenomegaly and follow-up investigations revealed ascites and gastric varices. Liver biopsy showed cirrhosis without areas of necrosis (A6 in Child-Pugh classification). He developed haematemesis and worsening encephalopathy leading to his death at age 31. In conclusion, cirrhosis should be considered as a possible complication of ASMD in adult patients, even if hepatic tests are normal.

SUBMITTER: Lidove O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4270874 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cirrhosis and liver failure: expanding phenotype of Acid sphingomyelinase-deficient niemann-pick disease in adulthood.

Lidove Olivier O Sedel Frédéric F Charlotte Frédéric F Froissart Roseline R Vanier Marie T MT

JIMD reports 20140410

Acid sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann-Pick disease (ASMD) includes the severe neuronopathic type A, the non-neuronopathic type B, and rare intermediate cases. Here we report on such an atypical type B patient who died at 31 years of age from liver failure. This male subject was first seen in a paediatric department at the age of 3 years because of significant hepatosplenomegaly. Foam cells in bone marrow, interstitial pneumonitis, a slight facial dysmorphy and normal psychomotor development we ...[more]

PMID: 24718843

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Clinical observations and molecular analysis of the SMPD1 gene in Chinese patients with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) are scarce. METHODS:A cohort of 27 Chinese patients diagnosed with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency, within the past five years, were collected and investigated for genotype, phenotype, and their correlations. RESULTS:The majority of our patients (25/27) were under 18 years of age. From the cohort group, eight (30%) fulfilled characters of type A. Four other patients experienced neurologic involvement after two years of age, these were classified as intermediate type. The remaining fifteen presented without clear neurologic involvement and were regarded as type B. One patient, from the type B group, presented with the unusual symptom of a secondary amenorrhea. Three patients, one from the type B group and two from the intermediate group, presented with pronounced proteinuria, in the late stages of the disease, indicating possible kidney involvement in NPD. Twenty-four SMPD1 gene mutations had been identified; eighteen of these are novel ones. These included four exonic small deletions/duplications (c.4delC, c.147_150del4, c.842-849dup8, c.1307-1312dup6), one termination mutation (p.Glu248X), and thirteen exonic point mutations (p.Gly336Ser, p.Trp342Cys, p.Leu382Phe, p.Pro429Leu, p.Pro430Ser, p.Trp437Arg, p.Thr451Pro, p.His461Pro, p.Ala484Val, p.Ser486Arg, p.Tyr500His, p.Pro533Leu, p.Val559Leu). Notably, eight mutations had more than one occurrence with c.4delC and p.Glu248X accounting for ~30% of all alleles. Correlation analysis of genotype and phenotype indicated eight mutations, c.842-849dup8, p.Glu248X, p.Arg230Cys, p.Trp437Arg, p.His461Pro, p.Ala484Val p.Ser486Arg, and p.Pro533Leu,to be severe mutations. Five mutations, c.4delC, p.Leu382Phe, p.Pro429Leu, p.Pro430Ser and p.Val559Leu were projected to be mild mutations. Interestingly, three intermediate individuals carried combinations of a mild mutation, c.4delC, on one allele and a severe mutation on the other allele. CONCLUSIONS:The Chinese population may have a comparably high incidence of sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann-Pick disease type A. This study has identified some novel genotype and phenotype correlations in this rare and devastating disorder.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the auditory phenotype in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1), to understand better the natural history of this complex, heterogeneous disorder, and to define further the baseline auditory deficits associated with NPC1 so that use of potentially ototoxic interventions (e.g., 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin) may be more appropriately monitored and understood. DESIGN:Fifty patients with NPC1 ranging in age from 4 months to 21 years (mean = 9.3 years) enrolled in a natural history/observational study at the National Institutes of Health. The auditory test battery included, when possible, immittance audiometry, pure-tone and speech audiometry, otoacoustic emission testing, and a neurotologic auditory brainstem response study. Longitudinal data were collected on a subset of patients. RESULTS:Over half of the cohort exhibited hearing loss involving the high frequencies ranging from a slight to moderate degree, and 74% of patients presented with clinically significant hearing loss involving the frequencies most important to speech understanding (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz). Despite the heterogeneity of the sample, results among patients were sufficiently consistent to implicate retrocochlear dysfunction in the majority (66%) of individuals, with (22%) or without (44%) accompanying cochlear involvement. Some patients (10%) presented with a profile for auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. The combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal data indicates these patients are at risk for a progressive decline in auditory function. CONCLUSIONS:This is the largest cohort of patients with NPC1 evaluated comprehensively for auditory dysfunction, and results implicate the pathological processes of NPC1 in the manifestation of hearing loss. Patients with NPC1 should be monitored audiologically throughout their lives, beginning at the time of diagnosis. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of this historically overlooked aspect of the phenotype.

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Dataset Information

Cirrhosis and liver failure: expanding phenotype of Acid sphingomyelinase-deficient niemann-pick disease in adulthood.

Publications

Cirrhosis and liver failure: expanding phenotype of Acid sphingomyelinase-deficient niemann-pick disease in adulthood.

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