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Association of endogenous sex hormones with adipokines and ghrelin in postmenopausal women.

ABSTRACT: Sex hormones, adipokines, and ghrelin have been implicated in central control of appetite, energy homeostasis, maintenance of fat mass, and inflammation. Women tend to gain weight after menopause and adipose tissue is a major source of sex steroid postmenopause. Understanding the dynamics of these analytes are of particular importance in postmenopausal women, who are at greater risk for cardiometabolic diseases.This study sought to evaluate the associations of adipokines and ghrelin with sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women.We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline clinical trial data.The parent trial was conducted at a university clinical research facility.Baseline data from 634 postmenopausal women participating in the Early vs Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE). PARTICIPANTS had no history of chronic illness in the past 5 years and were not taking exogenous hormone therapy.Serum levels of estrone (E1), total estradiol (E2), free estradiol (FE2), free testosterone (FT), total testosterone (T), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).Adjusted for age, race, time since menopause, and body mass index (BMI), leptin concentrations were significantly positively associated with E1, E2, FE2, and FT and inversely associated with SHBG levels. Only the associations of adiponectin with FE2 (inverse) and SHBG (positive) remained significant after controlling for BMI. The inverse associations of adiponectin with E1, E2, and FT were substantially mediated by BMI. Associations of ghrelin with E1, E2, FE2, and SHBG were not independent of BMI. Waist-to-hip circumference ratio was not a mediator in any of the associations.In postmenopausal women, leptin and adiponectin concentrations are substantially correlated with sex hormone and SHBG concentrations regardless of obesity status.

SUBMITTER: Karim R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4318897 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of endogenous sex hormones with adipokines and ghrelin in postmenopausal women.

Karim Roksana R Stanczyk Frank Z FZ Brinton Roberta D RD Rettberg Jamaica J Hodis Howard N HN Mack Wendy J WJ

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20141118 2

<h4>Context</h4>Sex hormones, adipokines, and ghrelin have been implicated in central control of appetite, energy homeostasis, maintenance of fat mass, and inflammation. Women tend to gain weight after menopause and adipose tissue is a major source of sex steroid postmenopause. Understanding the dynamics of these analytes are of particular importance in postmenopausal women, who are at greater risk for cardiometabolic diseases.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study sought to evaluate the associations of ...[more]

PMID: 25405497

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Project description:ObjectiveVasomotor flushing (hot flushes) is a common menopausal symptom experienced by most women going through the menopausal transition; flushing continues for a variable period in postmenopause. Primarily due to lack of ovarian estrogen, other biomarkers of hot flushes have not been clearly identified. We examined the relationship of hot flushes with ghrelin and adipokines.MethodsBaseline data from two clinical trials, the Women's Isoflavone Soy Health (WISH) trial and Early versus Late Intervention Trial of Estrogen (ELITE), were used in this post hoc cross-sectional study. Both WISH and ELITE had similar study designs, inclusion criteria, and data collection processes. Study participants were healthy postmenopausal women not taking estrogen-based hormone therapy, free of cardiovascular disease, or any other chronic diseases. Both trials used the same hot flush diary in which participants recorded the number of daily hot flushes by severity over a month on average. Serum concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were assessed in stored fasting blood samples using highly specific radioimmunoassay. In this analysis, self-reported flushing experience was tested for an association with leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin concentrations using logistic regression and mean comparisons.ResultsA total of 898 postmenopausal women from the ELITE and WISH trials contributed to this analysis. Mean (SD) age was 60.4 (7.0) years, body mass index (BMI) 27 (5.3) kg/m, 67% were white, and 47% were within 10 years of menopause. Reported flushing was significantly associated with younger age, lower education, lower BMI, being married, and more recent menopause. Adjusted for these factors other than BMI, women in the highest quartile of ghrelin had significantly greater likelihood of experiencing hot flushes (OR [95% CI] = 1.84 [1.21-2.85]) compared to women in the lowest quartile. The association was more pronounced among overweight or obese women (OR [95% CI] = 2.36 [1.28-4.35]) compared to those with normal BMI (1.24 [0.54, 2.86]; interaction P value = 0.46). The association between ghrelin and hot flushes was similar among early (within 10 y) and late (over 10 y) postmenopausal women. Blood levels of adiponectin and resistin were not associated with hot flushes.ConclusionsHigher concentrations of ghrelin were associated with greater likelihood of hot flushes in both early- and late-postmenopausal women. Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels were not associated with hot flushes in postmenopausal women.

Dataset Information

Association of endogenous sex hormones with adipokines and ghrelin in postmenopausal women.

Publications

Association of endogenous sex hormones with adipokines and ghrelin in postmenopausal women.

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