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Retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes without retinal abnormalities: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

ABSTRACT: To examine relationships of age, sex, and systemic and ocular conditions with retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography (SD OCT) in participants without retinal disease.Longitudinal study.setting: Population-based cohort. study population: Persons aged 43-86 years living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin in 1988-1990. observation procedures: Retinal thickness was measured via SD OCT at the Beaver Dam Eye Study examination in 2008-2010. Retinal disease was determined by ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, or SD OCT. main outcome measures: Retinal thickness from the inner limiting membrane to the Bruch membrane.The retina was thickest in the inner circle (mean 334.5 ?m) and thinnest in the center subfield (285.4 ?m). Mean retinal thickness decreased with age in the inner circle (P < .0001) and outer circle (P < .0001). Adjusting for age, eyes in men had thicker retinas than eyes in women in the center subfield (P < .001) and inner circle (P < .001). Sex, axial length/corneal curvature ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate were associated with center subfield thickness. Sex and peak expiratory flow rate were associated with retinal thickness in the inner circle. Alcohol consumption, age, axial length/corneal curvature ratio, cataract surgery, ocular perfusion pressure, and peak expiratory flow rate were associated with retinal thickness in the outer circle.This study provides data for retinal thickness measures in eyes of individuals aged 63 years and older without retinal disease. This information may be useful for clinical trials involving the effects of interventions on retinal thickness and for comparisons with specific retinal diseases affecting the macula.

SUBMITTER: Myers CE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4329258 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes without retinal abnormalities: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Myers Chelsea E CE Klein Barbara E K BE Meuer Stacy M SM Swift Maria K MK Chandler Charles S CS Huang Yijun Y Gangaputra Sapna S Pak Jeong W JW Danis Ronald P RP Klein Ronald R

American journal of ophthalmology 20141125 3

<h4>Purpose</h4>To examine relationships of age, sex, and systemic and ocular conditions with retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography (SD OCT) in participants without retinal disease.<h4>Design</h4>Longitudinal study.<h4>Methods</h4>setting: Population-based cohort. study population: Persons aged 43-86 years living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin in 1988-1990. observation procedures: Retinal thickness was measured via SD OCT at the Beaver Dam Eye Study examination in 2 ...[more]

PMID: 25461295

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Project description:ObjectiveTo describe how retinal venular diameter changes over time for an individual and to examine differences in these changes among people with different risk profiles.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 4600 persons aged 43 to 86 years from the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) who participated in at least 1 examination and had venular diameter measured in the right eye.MethodsData from 4 examinations during a 15-year period were analyzed. Retinal venular diameter was measured from photographs at each examination by computer-assisted methods and summarized as the central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). Associations of risk factors with concurrent CRVE measurements and changes in CRVE over time were determined using multivariate analyses.Main outcome measuresCentral retinal venular equivalent.ResultsThe CRVE tended to narrow with age. Mean CRVE was approximately 5 ?m smaller (225 vs. 230 ?m) for the average 70-year-old compared with the average 50-year-old, and was approximately 13 ?m smaller (217 vs. 230 ?m) for the average 85-year-old compared with the average 50-year-old. Male sex (beta estimate [?] = 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.58-6.90), history of current cigarette smoking (? = 9.38; 95% CI, 8.26-10.49), and higher white blood cell (WBC) count (per 1000/?L: ? = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74-1.16) were independently associated with larger concurrent CRVE, whereas higher mean arterial blood pressure (per 5 mmHg: ? = -0.36; 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.23) and higher serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (per 10 mg/dl: ? = 0.89; 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.63) were independently associated with smaller concurrent CRVE. History of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (? = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.06) and presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (? = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.34 to -0.05) were associated with a greater decrease in CRVE over time.ConclusionsThese data show that retinal venular diameter tends to narrow with age; concurrent venular diameter is independently associated with sex, blood pressure, serum HDL cholesterol, WBC count, and history of current cigarette smoking; and change in CRVE is independently associated with a history of CVD and presence of CKD. The different independent effects of these interrelated factors on CRVE highlight the complex relationship between CRVE and systemic diseases and conditions and the difficulty in determining specific causes of change in CRVE over time.Financial disclosure(s)The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Project description:PurposeTo measure choroidal thickness and to determine parameters associated with it.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsSeventy-four glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects.MethodsSpectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were obtained to estimate average choroidal thickness in a group of glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients. The average thickness was calculated from enhanced depth SD-OCT images and manually analyzed with Image J software. Open-angle glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma suspect, primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary angle closure, and primary angle-closure suspect were defined by published criteria. Glaucoma suspects had normal visual fields bilaterally. Glaucoma was defined by specific criteria for optic disc damage and visual field loss in ?1 eye. The most affected eye was analyzed for comparisons across individuals, and right/left and upper half/lower half comparisons were made to compare thickness against degree of visual field damage.Main outcome measuresAverage macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness measured using SD-OCT.ResultsThe choroidal-scleral interface was visualized in 86% and 96% of the macular and peripapillary scans, respectively. In multivariable linear regression analysis, the macular choroid was significantly thinner in association with 4 features: Longer eyes (22 ?m per mm longer [95% confidence interval (CI), -33, -11]), older individuals (31 ?m thinner per decade older [95% CI, -44, -17]), lower diastolic ocular perfusion pressure (26 ?m thinner per 10 mmHg lower [95% CI, 8, 44]), and thicker central corneas (6 ?m per 10 ?m thicker cornea [95% CI, -10, 0]). The choroid was not significantly thinner in glaucoma patients than in suspects (14 ?m [95% CI, -54, 26]; P = 0.5). Peripapillary choroidal thickness was not significantly different between glaucoma and suspect patients. Thickness was not associated with damage severity as estimated by visual field mean deviation or nerve fiber layer thickness, including comparisons of right with left eye or upper with lower values.ConclusionsAge, axial length, CCT, and diastolic ocular perfusion pressure are significantly associated with choroidal thickness in glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients. Degree of glaucoma damage was not consistently associated with choroidal thickness.Financial disclosure(s)Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Project description:PurposeTo compare intra-retinal layer thickness measurements between eyes with no or mild diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-matched controls using Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).MethodsCross-sectional observational analysis study. High-resolution macular volume scans (30° * 25°) were obtained for 133 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with no DR, 42 T2DM patients with mild DR and 115 healthy controls. The mean thickness was measured in all 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sectors for 8 separate layers, inner retinal layer (IRL), outer retinal layer (ORL) and total retina (TR), after automated segmentation. The ETDRS grid consisted of three concentric circles of 1-, 3-, and 6-mm diameter. The superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal sectors of the 3- and 6-mm circles were respectively designated as S3, I3, T3, and N3 and S6, I6, T6, and N6. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between the intra-retinal layer thicknesses, age, diabetes duration, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c.ResultsThe mean age and duration of T2DM were 61.1 and 13.7 years, respectively. Although no significant differences in the average TR and ORL volumes were observed among the groups, significant differences were found in the volume and sectorial thicknesses of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and IRL among the groups. In particular, the thicknesses of the IPL (S3, T3, S6, I6 and T6 sectors) and the IRL (S6 sector) were decreased in the no-DR group compared with the controls (P < 0.05). The thickness of the OPL (S3, N3, S6 and N6 sectors) was thinner in the no-DR group than in mild DR (P < 0.05). The average IPL thickness was significantly negatively correlated with age and the duration of diabetes.ConclusionThe assessment of the intra-retinal layer thickness showed a significant decrease in the IPL and IRL thicknesses in Chinese adults with T2DM, even in the absence of visible microvascular signs of DR.

Project description:PurposeTo describe visual impairment (VI) over a 20-year period and its associations with age-related eye diseases and socioeconomic factors in the Beaver Dam Eye Study.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.ParticipantsFour thousand nine hundred twenty-six persons 43 to 86 years of age participated in the baseline examination phase from 1988 through 1990, and 3721, 2962, 2375, and 1913 persons participated in follow-up examinations each spaced 5 years apart from 1993 through 1995, 1998 through 2000, 2003 through 2005, and 2008 through 2010, respectively.MethodsBest-corrected visual acuity after refraction, assessed by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol.Main outcome measuresIncidence of VI, defined as best-corrected visual acuity of poorer than 20/40 in the better eye in persons with one or both eyes 20/40 or better at the beginning of a 5-year interval, and incidence of severe VI, defined as best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye in persons with one or both eyes better than 20/200 at the beginning of a 5-year interval.ResultsOverall incidence of VI between examinations (5-year interval) was 1.4% (varying from 0.1% in persons 50-54 years of age to 14.6% in those 85 years of age and older), whereas for severe VI it was 0.4% (varying from 0.0% in persons 50-54 years of age to 6.9% in those ? 85 years of age). The incidence of VI decreased for each (2003-2005 to 2008-2010; odds ratio fourth interval vs. first interval, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.87; P = 0.01 period after adjustment for age, from the first 5-year interval between examinations (1988-1990 to 1993-1995) to the fourth and most recent 5-year interval ). This period effect was no longer significant after adjustment for age-related macular degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration remained the leading cause of incident severe VI (54% of eyes with incident severe VI, which was as low as 40% and as high as 57% for specific visits), with no evidence of a trend across visits. The overall frequency of VI correctable with new refraction was 38% of all eyes with VI.ConclusionsThese data provide population-based estimates that show a high (15%) 5-year incidence of VI in persons 85 years of age and older. Age-related macular degeneration remained the leading cause of severe VI in this population over the 20 years of the study.Financial disclosure(s)The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Dataset Information

Retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes without retinal abnormalities: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Publications

Retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes without retinal abnormalities: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

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