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Fasting hyperglycemia predicts lower rates of weight gain by increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation rate.

ABSTRACT: Increased adiposity and insulin resistance are associated with hyperglycemia and previous studies have reported that higher glucoses are associated with lower rates of weight gain. One possible mechanism is via increased energy expenditure (EE).To assess the relationships between changes in EE during spontaneous weight gain and concomitant changes in glucose levels.Body composition, metabolic, and glycemic data were available from nondiabetic Native Americans who underwent two measurements of 24-h EE during eucaloric feeding in a metabolic chamber (N = 144; time between measurements: 5.0 ± 3.3 years) or resting EE by ventilated hood system during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (N = 261; 4.5 ± 3.2 years). Long-term follow-up data (8.3 ± 4.3 years) for weight and body composition were available in 131 and 122 subjects, respectively.Twenty four hour EE and respiratory quotient (RQ), resting (RMR), and sleeping (SMR) metabolic rates, glucose, and insulin levels, basal glucose output (BGO).Weight gain-associated increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels was accompanied with decreased 24-h RQ (partial R = -0.24, P = .002) and increased 24-h EE, RMR, SMR, and fat oxidation after accounting for changes in body composition (partial R: 0.12 to 0.19, all P ? .05). Upon weight gain, BGO tended to increase (P = .07), while insulin infusion induced a decrease in EE (P = .04). Higher baseline FPG predicted lower rates of future weight gain (partial R = -0.18, P = .04).Higher FPG after weight gain was associated with greater-than-expected increase in EE. The rise in BGO and the insulin-induced EE suppression at follow-up indicate that increased hepatic gluconeogenesis may be an important mediator of EE changes associated with weight gain.

SUBMITTER: Piaggi P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4333033 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fasting hyperglycemia predicts lower rates of weight gain by increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation rate.

Piaggi Paolo P Thearle Marie S MS Bogardus Clifton C Krakoff Jonathan J

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20150105 3

<h4>Context</h4>Increased adiposity and insulin resistance are associated with hyperglycemia and previous studies have reported that higher glucoses are associated with lower rates of weight gain. One possible mechanism is via increased energy expenditure (EE).<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the relationships between changes in EE during spontaneous weight gain and concomitant changes in glucose levels.<h4>Design and participants</h4>Body composition, metabolic, and glycemic data were available from ...[more]

PMID: 25559400

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Project description:ObjectivePersons with diabetes have accelerated muscle loss compared with their counterparts. The relationship of hyperglycemia per se to declines in muscle function has not been explored yet has implications for developing appropriate intervention strategies to prevent muscle loss.Research design and methodsWe examined 984 participants aged 25-96 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2003-2011) with HbA1c, knee extensor strength (isokinetic dynamometer), and lean body mass (DEXA) measured at baseline. Participants had repeated measurements up to 7.5 years later. Muscle quality was defined as knee extensor strength/leg lean mass. Participants were categorized by HbA1c quartile (<5.5, 5.5-5.79, 5.8-6.09, and ?6.1% or <37, 37-40, 40-43, and ?43 mmol/mol). Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the regression of muscle outcomes on HbA1c.ResultsMuscle strength and quality were significantly lower across HbA1c quartiles (both P < 0.001), without differences in muscle mass at baseline. Comparing highest versus lowest HbA1c quartiles and adjusting for age, race, sex, weight, and height, strength was significantly lower (-4.70 ± 2.30 N · m; P value trend = 0.02) and results were unchanged after adjustment for physical activity (P value trend = 0.045) but of borderline significance after additional adjustment for peripheral neuropathy (P value trend = 0.05). Adjusting for demographics, muscle quality was significantly lower (-0.32 ± 0.15 N · m/kg; P value trend = 0.02) in the highest versus lowest HbA1c quartiles, but differences were attenuated after adjusting for weight and height (-0.25 ± 0.15 N · m/kg; P value trend = 0.07). Muscle mass measures were similar across HbA1c quartiles.ConclusionsHyperglycemia is associated with persistently lower muscle strength with aging, but this effect may be mediated, at least in part, by peripheral neuropathy. Future studies should explore if better glycemic control can preserve muscle function in diabetes.

Project description:BackgroundAddition of capsaicin (CAPS) to the diet has been shown to increase energy expenditure; therefore capsaicin is an interesting target for anti-obesity therapy.AimWe investigated the 24 h effects of CAPS on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and blood pressure during 25% negative energy balance.MethodsSubjects underwent four 36 h sessions in a respiration chamber for measurements of energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and blood pressure. They received 100% or 75% of their daily energy requirements in the conditions '100%CAPS', '100%Control', '75%CAPS' and '75%Control'. CAPS was given at a dose of 2.56 mg (1.03 g of red chili pepper, 39,050 Scoville heat units (SHU)) with every meal.ResultsAn induced negative energy balance of 25% was effectively a 20.5% negative energy balance due to adapting mechanisms. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and resting energy expenditure (REE) at 75%CAPS did not differ from DIT and REE at 100%Control, while at 75%Control these tended to be or were lower than at 100%Control (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02 respectively). Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) at 75%CAPS did not differ from SMR at 100%CAPS, while SMR at 75%Control was lower than at 100%CAPS (p = 0.04). Fat oxidation at 75%CAPS was higher than at 100%Control (p = 0.03), while with 75%Control it did not differ from 100%Control. Respiratory quotient (RQ) was more decreased at 75%CAPS (p = 0.04) than at 75%Control (p = 0.05) when compared with 100%Control. Blood pressure did not differ between the four conditions.ConclusionIn an effectively 20.5% negative energy balance, consumption of 2.56 mg capsaicin per meal supports negative energy balance by counteracting the unfavorable negative energy balance effect of decrease in components of energy expenditure. Moreover, consumption of 2.56 mg capsaicin per meal promotes fat oxidation in negative energy balance and does not increase blood pressure significantly.Trial registrationNederlands Trial Register; registration number NTR2944.

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Fasting hyperglycemia predicts lower rates of weight gain by increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation rate.

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Fasting hyperglycemia predicts lower rates of weight gain by increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation rate.

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