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The effect of ambient air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in the Children's Health Study.

ABSTRACT: We assessed the effect of daily variations in ambient air pollutants on exhaled nitric oxide fraction (F(eNO)) using data from a cohort of school children with large differences in air pollutant exposures from the Children's Health Study. Based on a cohort of 2,240 school children from 13 Southern Californian communities, cumulative lagged average regression models were fitted to determine the association between F(eNO) and ambient air pollution levels from central site monitors with lags of up to 30 days prior to F(eNO) testing. Daily 24-h cumulative lagged averages of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm (PM?.?; over 1-8 days) and particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm (PM??; over 1-7 days), as well as 10:00-18:00 h cumulative lagged average of O? (over 1-23 days) were significantly associated with 17.42% (p<0.01), 9.25% (p<0.05) and 14.25% (p<0.01) higher F(eNO) levels over the interquartile range of 7.5 ?g·m?³, 12.97 ?g·m?³ and 15.42 ppb, respectively. The effects of PM?.?, PM?? and O? were higher in the warm season. The particulate matter effects were robust to adjustments for effects of O? and temperature and did not vary by asthma or allergy status. In summary, short-term increases in PM?.?, PM?? and O? were associated with airway inflammation independent of asthma and allergy status, with PM?? effects significantly higher in the warm season.

SUBMITTER: Berhane K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4340653 | biostudies-literature | 2011 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effect of ambient air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in the Children's Health Study.

Berhane K K Zhang Y Y Linn W S WS Rappaport E B EB Bastain T M TM Salam M T MT Islam T T Lurmann F F Gilliland F D FD

The European respiratory journal 20101014 5

We assessed the effect of daily variations in ambient air pollutants on exhaled nitric oxide fraction (F(eNO)) using data from a cohort of school children with large differences in air pollutant exposures from the Children's Health Study. Based on a cohort of 2,240 school children from 13 Southern Californian communities, cumulative lagged average regression models were fitted to determine the association between F(eNO) and ambient air pollution levels from central site monitors with lags of up ...[more]

PMID: 20947676

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a biomarker of airway inflammation, predicts asthma risk in children. We previously found that the promoter haplotypes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and exposure to residential traffic independently influence FeNO level. Because NOS2 is inducible by environmental exposures such as traffic-related exposure, we tested the hypothesis that common NOS2 promoter haplotypes modulate the relationship between residential traffic-related exposure and FeNO level in children. METHODS:In a cross-sectional population-based study, subjects (N = 2,457; 7-11 year-old) were Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children who participated in the Southern California Children's Health Study and had FeNO measurements. For residential traffic, lengths of local roads within circular buffers (50m, 100m and 200m radii around homes) around the subjects' homes were estimated using geographic information system (GIS) methods. We interrogated the two most common NOS2 promoter haplotypes that were found to affect FeNO level. RESULTS:The relationship between local road lengths within 100m and 200m circular buffers and FeNO level varied significantly by one of the NOS2 promoter haplotypes (P-values for interaction between road length and NOS2 promoter haplotype = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). In children who had ?250m of local road lengths within 100m buffer around their homes, those with two copies of the haplotype had significantly lower FeNO (adjusted geometric mean = 11.74ppb; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 9.99 to 13.80) than those with no copies (adjusted geometric mean = 15.28ppb; 95% CI: 14.04 to 16.63) with statistically significant trend of lower FeNO level with increasing number of haplotype copy (P-value for trend = 0.002). In contrast, among children who had >250m of local road lengths within 100m buffer, FeNO level did not significantly differ by the haplotype copy-number (P-value for trend = 0.34). Similar interactive effects of this haplotype and local road lengths within 200m buffer on FeNO were also observed. CONCLUSIONS:Higher exposure from residential traffic nullifies the protective effect of one common NOS2 promoter haplotype on FeNO level. Regulation of traffic-related pollution may protect children's respiratory health.

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The effect of ambient air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in the Children's Health Study.

Publications

The effect of ambient air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in the Children's Health Study.

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