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Concurrent exercise on a gravity-independent device during simulated microgravity.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to examine the effect of a high-intensity concurrent training program using a single gravity-independent device on maintaining skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity during short-term unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS).Nineteen subjects (10 males and 9 females; 21.0 ± 2.5 yr, 65.4 ± 12.2 kg) were separated into two groups: 1) 10-d ULLS only (n = 9) and 2) 10-d ULLS plus aerobic and resistance training (ULLS + EX, n = 10). Exercise was performed on a single gravity-independent Multi-Mode Exercise Device (M-MED) with alternating days of high-intensity interval aerobic training and maximal exertion resistance training.Aerobic capacity increased by 7% in ULLS + EX (P < 0.05). Knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor three-repetition maximum increased in the ULLS + EX group (P < 0.05), but this change was only different from ULLS in the plantar flexors (P < 0.05). Peak torque levels decreased with ULLS but were increased for the knee extensors and attenuated for the ankle plantar flexors with ULLS + EX (P < 0.05). A shift toward type IIx myosin heavy-chain mRNA occurred with ULLS and was reversed with ULLS + EX in the vastus lateralis (P < 0.05) but not the soleus. Myostatin and atrogin increased with ULLS in both the vastus lateralis and soleus, but this change was mitigated with ULLS + EX only in the vastus lateralis (P = 0.0551 for myostatin, P < 0.05 for atrogin). Citrate synthase was decreased in the soleus during ULLS but was increased with ULLS + EX (P < 0.05).These results indicate that an M-MED class countermeasure device appears to be effective at mitigating the deconditioning effects of microgravity simulated during a modified ULLS protocol.

SUBMITTER: Cotter JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4340828 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Concurrent exercise on a gravity-independent device during simulated microgravity.

Cotter Joshua A JA Yu Alvin A Haddad Fadia F Kreitenberg Arthur A Baker Michael J MJ Tesch Per A PA Baldwin Kenneth M KM Caiozzo Vincent J VJ Adams Gregory R GR

Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20150501 5

<h4>Purpose</h4>The objective of this study is to examine the effect of a high-intensity concurrent training program using a single gravity-independent device on maintaining skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity during short-term unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS).<h4>Methods</h4>Nineteen subjects (10 males and 9 females; 21.0 ± 2.5 yr, 65.4 ± 12.2 kg) were separated into two groups: 1) 10-d ULLS only (n = 9) and 2) 10-d ULLS plus aerobic and resistance training (ULLS + EX, n = 10). ...[more]

PMID: 25160844

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Project description:Purpose: Microgravity is one of crucial factors which affects astronauts’ health in space. The goals of this study are to compare SMG-pretreated macrophages infected with EPEC by RNA-sequencing to investigate the immunity-related differential expression genes and signaling pathway and to make for prevention and therapy of infectious diseases in space. Methods: 3-day SMG-pretreatment macrophages were infected with EPEC (a kind of enteropathogen) and macrophages infected with EPEC under normal gravity as control and then we used RNA sequencing on Illumina platform. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the transcript isoform level by Volcano Plot, KEEG database and InnateDB database. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results: After RNA sequencing, we got 1272 differential expression genes (DEGs) of which 542 were up-regulated, 720 were down-regulated DEGs. KEGG pathway enrichment scatter plot showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and MAPK signaling pathway were optimal-related to infection immunity under simulated microgravity. Because of our study involved in infection immunity, we chose a database on immunity called InnateDB to screen the DEGs related to immunity. We found 14 DEGs in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, of which 7 were up-regulated, and 7 were down-regulated and 36 DEGs in MAPK signaling pathway, of which 11 were up-regulated, and 25 were down-regulated. In cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway, except for Il 33 (P>0. 05), the results of mRNA expression of DEGs in macrophages infected with EPEC were consistent with the results of RNA sequencing. In MAPK signaling pathway, the mRNA expression of Il 1b, Cd14, Hspa1a, Pdgfrb, Il 1a, Fgf7, Igf1r and Pak1 was not consistent with the RNA sequencing. Compared with normal gravity, simulated microgravity didn’t affect the mRNA expression of Il 1b, Cd14, Hspa1a and Pdgfrb (P>0. 05). The Il 1a and Fgf7 down regulated and Igf1r and Pak1 up regulated under simulated microgravity at the level of mRNA with a comparison to normal gravity, and the results of the rest of DEGs were consistent with the results of RNA sequencing. Conclusions: This study is the first high-throughput analysis on simulated microgravity of infection immunity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and MAPK signaling pathway participants in the innate immune response.

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Concurrent exercise on a gravity-independent device during simulated microgravity.

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Concurrent exercise on a gravity-independent device during simulated microgravity.

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