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Pore size regulates operating stomatal conductance, while stomatal densities drive the partitioning of conductance between leaf sides.

ABSTRACT: Leaf gas exchange is influenced by stomatal size, density, distribution between the leaf adaxial and abaxial sides, as well as by pore dimensions. This study aims to quantify which of these traits mainly underlie genetic differences in operating stomatal conductance (gs) and addresses possible links between anatomical traits and regulation of pore width.Stomatal responsiveness to desiccation, gs-related anatomical traits of each leaf side and estimated gs (based on these traits) were determined for 54 introgression lines (ILs) generated by introgressing segments of Solanum pennelli into the S. lycopersicum 'M82'. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for stomatal traits was also performed.A wide genetic variation in stomatal responsiveness to desiccation was observed, a large part of which was explained by stomatal length. Operating gs ranged over a factor of five between ILs. The pore area per stomatal area varied 8-fold among ILs (2-16 %), and was the main determinant of differences in operating gs between ILs. Operating gs was primarily positioned on the abaxial surface (60-83 %), due to higher abaxial stomatal density and, secondarily, to larger abaxial pore area. An analysis revealed 64 QTLs for stomatal traits in the ILs, most of which were in the direction of S. pennellii.The data indicate that operating and maximum gs of non-stressed leaves maintained under stable conditions deviate considerably (by 45-91 %), because stomatal size inadequately reflects operating pore area (R(2)?=?0·46). Furthermore, it was found that variation between ILs in both stomatal sensitivity to desiccation and operating gs is associated with features of individual stoma. In contrast, genotypic variation in gs partitioning depends on the distribution of stomata between the leaf adaxial and abaxial epidermis.

SUBMITTER: Fanourakis D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4343285 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pore size regulates operating stomatal conductance, while stomatal densities drive the partitioning of conductance between leaf sides.

Fanourakis Dimitrios D Giday Habtamu H Milla Rubén R Pieruschka Roland R Kjaer Katrine H KH Bolger Marie M Vasilevski Aleksandar A Nunes-Nesi Adriano A Fiorani Fabio F Ottosen Carl-Otto CO

Annals of botany. 20141222 4

<h4>Background and aims</h4>Leaf gas exchange is influenced by stomatal size, density, distribution between the leaf adaxial and abaxial sides, as well as by pore dimensions. This study aims to quantify which of these traits mainly underlie genetic differences in operating stomatal conductance (gs) and addresses possible links between anatomical traits and regulation of pore width.<h4>Methods</h4>Stomatal responsiveness to desiccation, gs-related anatomical traits of each leaf side and estimated ...[more]

PMID: 25538116

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Project description:The dual-source Shuttleworth-Wallace model has been widely used to estimate and partition crop evapotranspiration (?ET). Canopy stomatal conductance (Gsc), an essential parameter of the model, is often calculated by scaling up leaf stomatal conductance, considering the canopy as one single leaf in a so-called "big-leaf" model. However, Gsc can be overestimated or underestimated depending on leaf area index level in the big-leaf model, due to a non-linear stomatal response to light. A dual-leaf model, scaling up Gsc from leaf to canopy, was developed in this study. The non-linear stomata-light relationship was incorporated by dividing the canopy into sunlit and shaded fractions and calculating each fraction separately according to absorbed irradiances. The model includes: (1) the absorbed irradiance, determined by separately integrating the sunlit and shaded leaves with consideration of both beam and diffuse radiation; (2) leaf area for the sunlit and shaded fractions; and (3) a leaf conductance model that accounts for the response of stomata to PAR, vapor pressure deficit and available soil water. In contrast to the significant errors of Gsc in the big-leaf model, the predicted Gsc using the dual-leaf model had a high degree of data-model agreement; the slope of the linear regression between daytime predictions and measurements was 1.01 (R2?=?0.98), with RMSE of 0.6120 mm s-1 for four clear-sky days in different growth stages. The estimates of half-hourly ?ET using the dual-source dual-leaf model (DSDL) agreed well with measurements and the error was within 5% during two growing seasons of maize with differing hydrometeorological and management strategies. Moreover, the estimates of soil evaporation using the DSDL model closely matched actual measurements. Our results indicate that the DSDL model can produce more accurate estimation of Gsc and ?ET, compared to the big-leaf model, and thus is an effective alternative approach for estimating and partitioning ?ET.

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Pore size regulates operating stomatal conductance, while stomatal densities drive the partitioning of conductance between leaf sides.

Publications

Pore size regulates operating stomatal conductance, while stomatal densities drive the partitioning of conductance between leaf sides.

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