Dataset Information

Proteoglycans and their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans at the atomic scale.

ABSTRACT: Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses that proteoglycan size is dependent on glycosaminoglycan unit composition but independent of sequence permutation. Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials.

SUBMITTER: Sattelle BM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4356732 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Proteoglycans and their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans at the atomic scale.

Sattelle Benedict M BM Shakeri Javad J Cliff Matthew J MJ Almond Andrew A

Biomacromolecules 20150216 3

Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses th ...[more]

PMID: 25645947

Similar Datasets

Project description:UV irradiation is a major environmental effector of skin damage and aging. Elevated levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as measured by Hale’s stain, are seen following cutaneous photodamage. Preliminary data from our lab indicates that this is a complex response involving differential regulation of both GAGs and proteoglycans. Recently, different GAG species have been shown to have distinct effects on the recruitment and activation of immune cells and stimulation of cytokine production (Taylor and Gallo, FASEB, 2006; 20: 9-22). We speculate that the elevated GAGs and proteoglycans observed after ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation are involved in the inflammatory and healing responses to photodamage. Chondroitin sulfate synthases (CSSs) are not increased by UVB in mice or in cultured human fibroblasts. To determine whether genomic upregulation of CSSs is responsible for the post-UVB CS increase, we measured the dermal expression of CSS1 and CSS3 mRNA in C57Bl6 mice after 5 days of UV-B exposure. Irradiation caused no change in either CSS1 or CSS3 mRNA expression. We also studied CSS RNA expression in cultured human fibroblasts. We compared control cells to cells treated with 30 mJ/cm2 UVB, cells treated with 1 ng/mL IL-1α, and cells co-stimulated with UVB and IL-1α. In vivo, UV-B induces IL-1α production by keratinocytes and inflammatory cells, and this IL-1α interacts with fibroblasts. Co-stimulation with IL-1α + UVB induces TNF-α production by the fibroblasts, mirroring the in vivo interaction. CSS1 mRNA was suppressed 60% and CSS3 mRNA expression dropped 87% relative to sham at 24 hours post-treatment (p<0.001, Dunnet q’). Since CS is not upregulated by its synthases, we postulated an alternative mode of induction whereby one or more CS proteoglycans are transcriptionally increased and bind more CS in the dermis. We used the N-13 goat monoclonal anti-serglycin antibody to visualize changes in cutaneous serglycin content following acute UV-B exposure. Serglycin is one example of CS-binding dermal proteoglycans that is induced by UVB, and there are likely others. Diffuse upper-dermal serglycin staining, like upper-dermal CS, was induced continuously at 24, 48, and 72 hours after irradiation. Serglycin-expressing inflammatory cells are recruited to the dermis following irradiation, peaking at 48 hours post-exposure. A statistically significant 1.70 fold increase in serglycin mRNA was measured in cultured human fibroblasts 6 hours after co-stimulation with UVB and IL-1α. Realtime PCR also revealed a significant 2.04 fold upregulation at 24 hours after co-stimulation, and serglycin was increased 4.63 times 6 hours after Il-1α treatment alone.

Dataset Information

Proteoglycans and their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans at the atomic scale.

Publications

Proteoglycans and their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans at the atomic scale.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets