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Antigen-specific transforming growth factor ?-induced Treg cells, but not natural Treg cells, ameliorate autoimmune arthritis in mice by shifting the Th17/Treg cell balance from Th17 predominance to Treg cell predominance.

ABSTRACT: Transferred CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells can prevent autoimmune disease, but generally fail to ameliorate established disease. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of antigen-specific Treg cells induced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor ? (TGF?) ex vivo (induced Treg [iTreg] cells) to the effects of equivalent expanded thymus-derived natural Treg (nTreg) cells on established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice by immunization with type II collagen (CII), and before or shortly after immunization, mice were treated with iTreg or nTreg cells that were generated or expanded in vitro. Clinical scores were determined. Inflammatory responses were determined by measuring the levels of anti-CII antibody in the serum and examining the histologic features of the mouse joints. The Th1/Th17-mediated autoreactive response was evaluated by determining the cytokine profile of the draining lymph node (LN) cells of the mice by flow cytometry.Following transfer, nTreg cells exhibited decreased FoxP3 and Bcl-2 expression and decreased suppressive activity, and many converted to Th17 cells. In contrast, transferred iTreg cells were more numerous, retained FoxP3 expression and their suppressive activity in the presence of IL-6, and were resistant to Th17 conversion. Notably, 10 days after the transfer of donor iTreg cells, predominance was shifted from Th17 cells to Treg cells in the draining LNs of recipient mice.These findings provide evidence that transferred TGF?-induced iTreg cells are more stable and functional than nTreg cells in mice with established autoimmunity. Moreover, iTreg cells can have tolerogenic effects even in the presence of ongoing inflammation. The therapeutic potential of human iTreg cells in subjects with chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases should be investigated.

SUBMITTER: Kong N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4364395 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antigen-specific transforming growth factor β-induced Treg cells, but not natural Treg cells, ameliorate autoimmune arthritis in mice by shifting the Th17/Treg cell balance from Th17 predominance to Treg cell predominance.

Kong Ning N Lan Qin Q Chen Maogen M Wang Julie J Shi Wei W Horwitz David A DA Quesniaux Valerie V Ryffel Bernhard B Liu Zhongmin Z Brand David D Zou Hejian H Zheng Song Guo SG

Arthritis and rheumatism 20120801 8

<h4>Objective</h4>Transferred CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells can prevent autoimmune disease, but generally fail to ameliorate established disease. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of antigen-specific Treg cells induced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) ex vivo (induced Treg [iTreg] cells) to the effects of equivalent expanded thymus-derived natural Treg (nTreg) cells on established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).<h4>Methods</h4>CIA was induced in DBA ...[more]

PMID: 22605463

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Project description:BackgroundSjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by sicca syndrome and/or systemic manifestations. The disease severely affects the health and life of patients, and the treatment of SS has always been a clinical challenge and essentially palliative. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects and as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for SS. Labial gland-derived MSCs (LGMSCs) are a population of resident stem cells in the labial gland, first isolated by our group. Exosomes released by MSCs contain a large variety of bioactive molecules and considered to function as an extension of MSCs.MethodsLGMSCs were isolated from patients who were needed surgery to remove the lip mucocele and LGMSCs derived exosomes (LGMSC-Exos) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were treated with LGMSCs or LGMSC-Exos by tail vein injection. The saliva flow rate of mice was determined and salivary glands were dissected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In vitro, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SS patients were cocultured with LGMSCs or LGMSC-Exos. Percentage of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells were determined by flow cytometry. The serum levels of cytokines in NOD mice and in the supernatant of the co-culture system by ELISA.ResultsTreatment with LGMSCs or LGMSC-Exos reduced inflammatory infiltration in the salivary glands, and restored salivary gland secretory function in NOD mice. Importantly, LGMSCs or LGMSC-Exos were demonstrated to inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells but promote the induction of Treg cells in NOD mice and PBMCs from SS patients in vitro, accompanied by reduced interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon gamma, and IL-6 levels and enhanced transforming growth factor beta and IL-10 secretion by T cells.ConclusionsLGMSCs are potential candidates for MSCs-based therapy and LGMSC-Exos might be utilized for establishing a new cell-free therapy against SS.

Project description:INTRODUCTION:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory functions by inducing the development and differentiation of naive T cells into T cells with an anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype. Our previous study showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by MSCs had immunomodulatory effects in the context of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We hypothesized that HGF is a key factor in the MSC-mediated regulation of the T helper 17 (Th17) cell/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance. METHODS:We investigated the effects of MSCs on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and the functions of Th17/Treg cells in response to LPS stimulation by performing in vitro coculture experiments. MSCs were added to the upper chambers of cell culture inserts, and CD4+ T cells were plated in the lower chambers, followed by treatment with LPS or an anti-HGF antibody. Th17 (CD4+CD3+RORrt+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) cell frequencies were analysed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Th17 cell- and Treg cell-related cytokines in the CD4+ T cells or culture medium was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Neutrophil functions were determined by flow cytometry after a coculture with Th17/Treg cells. RESULTS:The percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells was significantly increased in the CD4+ T cell population, while the percentage of CD4+CD3+RORrt+ cells was significantly decreased after MSC coculture. However, the MSC-induced effect was significantly inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p?<?0.05). Furthermore, MSCs significantly inhibited the CD4+ T cell expression of IL-17 and IL-6 but increased the expression of IL-10 (p?<?0.05 or p?<?0.01); these effects were inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p?<?0.05). In addition, CD4+ T cells cocultured with MSCs significantly inhibited neutrophil phagocytic and oxidative burst activities (p?<?0.05 or p?<?0.01); however, these MSC-induced effects were inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p?<?0.05). CONCLUSION:These data suggested that MSCs induced the conversion of fully differentiated Th17 cells into functional Treg cells and thereby modulated the Th17/Treg cell balance in the CD4+ T cell population, which was partly attributed to HGF secreted by the MSCs.

Dataset Information

Antigen-specific transforming growth factor ?-induced Treg cells, but not natural Treg cells, ameliorate autoimmune arthritis in mice by shifting the Th17/Treg cell balance from Th17 predominance to Treg cell predominance.

Publications

Antigen-specific transforming growth factor β-induced Treg cells, but not natural Treg cells, ameliorate autoimmune arthritis in mice by shifting the Th17/Treg cell balance from Th17 predominance to Treg cell predominance.

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